Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments

Autoantibodies in COVID-19: frequency and function

(2021) Zhao-wei Gao et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

Dyspnoea, lung function and CT findings three months after hospital admission for COVID-19

(2021) Tøri Vigeland Lerum et al.   EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL

Cardiopulmonary recovery after COVID-19 – an observational prospective multi-center trial

(2021) Thomas Sonnweber et al.   EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL

Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19

(2021) Yun Kit Yeoh et al.   GUT

Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: a Mediterranean cohort study.

(2021) Oscar Moreno-Pérez et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study

(2021) Chaolin Huang et al.   LANCET

Long COVID in the skin: a registry analysis of COVID-19 dermatological duration

(2021) Devon E McMahon et al.   LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2

(2021) Christian Gaebler et al.   NATURE

Immune determinants of COVID-19 disease presentation and severity

(2021) Petter Brodin   NATURE MEDICINE

Six-Month Follow-up Chest CT findings after Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

(2021) Xiaoyu Han et al.   RADIOLOGY

Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline

(2021) Waqaar Shah et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

NICE guideline on long COVID

(2021) Priya Venkatesan   Lancet Respiratory Medicine

Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients: A scoping review of current practice and its application during the pandemic

(2021) Md Abu Bakar Siddiq   Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Will COVID-19 Lead to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome?

(2021) Anthony L. Komaroff et al.   Frontiers in Medicine

Respiratory and Psychophysical Sequelae Among Patients With COVID-19 Four Months After Hospital Discharge

(2021) Mattia Bellan et al.   JAMA Network Open

Persistent Brainstem Dysfunction in Long-COVID: A Hypothesis

(2021) Shin Jie Yong   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Short‐term neuropsychiatric outcomes and quality of life in COVID‐19 survivors

(2021) R. Méndez et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Prevalence and correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder after the outbreak of the COVID-19

(2021) Leila Simani et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Persisting Adverse Ventricular Remodeling in COVID-19 Survivors: A Longitudinal Echocardiographic Study

(2021) William E. Moody et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Attributes and predictors of long COVID

(2021) Carole H. Sudre et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification

(2021) César Fernández-de-las-Peñas et al.   International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Mast Cell and Eosinophil Activation Are Associated With COVID-19 and TLR-Mediated Viral Inflammation: Implications for an Anti-Siglec-8 Antibody

(2021) Simon Gebremeskel et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 persistence is associated with antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses

(2021) Line K. Vibholm et al.   EBioMedicine

Preliminary evidence on long COVID in children

(2021) Danilo Buonsenso et al.   ACTA PAEDIATRICA

Beneficial effects of multi-disciplinary rehabilitation in postacute COVID-19: an observational cohort study

(2021) Bernhard PUCHNER et al.   European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine

Correction to: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other autonomic disorders after COVID-19 infection: a case series of 20 patients

(2021) Svetlana Blitshteyn et al.   IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in an Adult

(2021) Mary-Kate Amato et al.   JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Inflammatory profiles and clinical features of COVID-19 survivors three months after discharge in Wuhan, China

(2021) Mei Zhou et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

(2021) Ani Nalbandian et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Fresh evidence of the scale and scope of long covid

(2021) Manoj Sivan et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study

(2021) Daniel Ayoubkhani et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Fei Xiao et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

The neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV2 may be at least partially responsible for the respiratory failure of COVID‐19 patients

(2020) Yan‐Chao Li et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)

(2020) Do-Young Kim et al.   Journal of Translational Medicine

Antidepressive Mechanisms of Probiotics and Their Therapeutic Potential

(2020) Shin Jie Yong et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Is the Collapse of the Respiratory Center in the Brain Responsible for Respiratory Breakdown in COVID-19 Patients?

(2020) Sonu Gandhi et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Delirium: a missing piece in the COVID-19 pandemic puzzle

(2020) Shane O’Hanlon et al.   AGE AND AGEING

The Stanford Hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation

(2020) Robert M Barker-Davies et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE

Lymphopenia in COVID‐19: Therapeutic Opportunities

(2020) Nazanin Fathi et al.   CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL

Heightened Innate Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of COVID-19 Patients

(2020) Zhuo Zhou et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis

(2020) Shi-Hui Sun et al.   Cell Host & Microbe

Can COVID-19 cause myalgia with a completely different mechanism? A hypothesis

(2020) Adem Kucuk et al.   CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY

Clinical and Autoimmune Characteristics of Severe and Critical Cases of COVID‐19

(2020) Yaqing Zhou et al.   CTS-Clinical and Translational Science

Alterations in Gut Microbiota of Patients With COVID-19 During Time of Hospitalization

(2020) Tao Zuo et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

(2020) Ka Shing Cheung et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19

(2020) Maximilian Ackermann et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

A systematic review of neurological impairments in myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome using neuroimaging techniques

(2020) Rebekah Maksoud et al.   PLoS One

SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes

(2020) Mart M. Lamers et al.   SCIENCE

Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China

(2020) Ling Mao et al.   JAMA Neurology

Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study

(2020) Kai Liu et al.   Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice

Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

(2020) Ren Mao et al.   Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples

(2020) Yongjian Wu et al.   Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

(2020) Ruochen Zang et al.   Science Immunology

PM&R and Pulmonary Rehabilitation for COVID-19

(2020) Tina J. Wang et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION

Autoantibodies related to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in severely ill patients with COVID-19

(2020) Panayiotis G Vlachoyiannopoulos et al.   ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Covid-19 and autoimmunity

(2020) Michael Ehrenfeld et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings

(2020) Ross W Paterson et al.   BRAIN

SARS-CoV-2 infects human neural progenitor cells and brain organoids

(2020) Bao-Zhong Zhang et al.   CELL RESEARCH

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Fecal Samples From Patients With Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 in Korea

(2020) Soo-kyung Park et al.   Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity?

(2020) Benjamin Davido et al.   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Risk factors of severe cases with COVID-19: a meta-analysis

(2020) Mingchun Ou et al.   EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION

SARS-CoV-2-related paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, an epidemiological study, France, 1 March to 17 May 2020

(2020) Alexandre Belot et al.   Eurosurveillance

Alterations in Fecal Fungal Microbiome of Patients With COVID-19 During Time of Hospitalization until Discharge

(2020) Tao Zuo et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

COVID-19 cardiac injury: Implications for long-term surveillance and outcomes in survivors

(2020) Raul D. Mitrani et al.   HEART RHYTHM

Clinical Characteristics of 58 Children With a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Elizabeth Whittaker et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19

(2020) Angelo Carfì et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Clearance and persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in patients with COVID‐19

(2020) Anália Carmo et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Post‐discharge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID‐19 infection: a cross‐sectional evaluation

(2020) Stephen J Halpin et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Early evidence of pronounced brain involvement in fatal COVID-19 outcomes

(2020) Claus Hann von Weyhern et al.   LANCET

Long-Haul COVID

(2020) Avindra Nath   NEUROLOGY

Neuropathological Features of Covid-19

(2020) Isaac H. Solomon et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study

(2020) Julie Toubiana et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care

(2020) Trisha Greenhalgh et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

SARS-CoV-2-related atypical thyroiditis

(2020) Ilaria Muller et al.   Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

A viral infection explanation for Kawasaki disease in general and for COVID-19 virus-related Kawasaki disease symptoms

(2020) Kevin Roe   INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY

Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

(2020) Valentina O. Puntmann et al.   JAMA Cardiology

A compromised specific humoral immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain is related to viral persistence and periodic shedding in the gastrointestinal tract

(2020) Fengyu Hu et al.   Cellular & Molecular Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Neurological Targets in the Brain

(2020) Walter J. Lukiw et al.   CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

A case report of postural tachycardia syndrome after COVID-19

(2020) Mitchell G. Miglis et al.   CLINICAL AUTONOMIC RESEARCH

Clinical sequelae of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China: a single-centre longitudinal study

(2020) Qiutang Xiong et al.   CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Patient-reported outcome measures after COVID-19: a prospective cohort study

(2020) Alyson W. Wong et al.   EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL

Reduced maximal aerobic capacity after COVID-19 in young adult recruits, Switzerland, May 2020

(2020) Giovanni Andrea Gerardo Crameri et al.   Eurosurveillance

Lymphopenia during the COVID-19 infection: What it shows and what can be learned

(2020) Soheil Tavakolpour et al.   IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS

First report on clinical and radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonitis in a Caucasian population: Factors predicting fibrotic evolution

(2020) Maurizio Marvisi et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Long-term Health Consequences of COVID-19

(2020) Carlos del Rio et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

As Their Numbers Grow, COVID-19 “Long Haulers” Stump Experts

(2020) Rita Rubin   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19

(2020) Eve Garrigues et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Rehabilitation of patients post-COVID-19 infection: a literature review

(2020) A. Demeco et al.   JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH

Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

(2020) Ben Hu et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

Reduced numbers of T cells and B cells correlates with persistent SARS-CoV-2 presence in non-severe COVID-19 patients

(2020) Bing Liu et al.   Scientific Reports

How and Why Patients Made Long Covid

(2020) Felicity Callard et al.   SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE

Three-month quality of life in survivors of ARDS due to COVID-19: A preliminary report from a French academic centre

(2020) Arnaud Valent et al.   Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine

Case Series of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection — United Kingdom and United States, March–August 2020

(2020) Sapna Bamrah Morris et al.   MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT

Prolonged and late-onset symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019

(2020) Yusuke Miyazato et al.   Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Post-Acute COVID-19: An Overview and Approach to Classification

(2020) Eva M Amenta et al.   Open Forum Infectious Diseases

A meta-analysis of potential biomarkers associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

(2020) Celestin Danwang et al.   Biomarker Research

Deleterious Outcomes in Long-Hauler COVID-19: The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the CNS in Chronic COVID Syndrome

(2020) Abdul Mannan Baig   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Case report and systematic review suggest that children may experience similar long‐term effects to adults after clinical COVID‐19

(2020) Jonas F. Ludvigsson   ACTA PAEDIATRICA

High Prevalence of Pulmonary Sequelae at 3 Months After Hospital Discharge in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Survivors

(2020) Rob J J van Gassel et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Comprehensive health assessment three months after recovery from acute COVID-19

(2020) Bram van den Borst et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Long COVID in the Faroe Islands - a longitudinal study among non-hospitalized patients

(2020) Maria Skaalum Petersen et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Autonomic dysfunction in ‘long COVID’: rationale, physiology and management strategies

(2020) Melanie Dani et al.   CLINICAL MEDICINE

A Proposed Framework and Timeline of the Spectrum of Disease Due to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

(2020) S. Deblina Datta et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Post-COVID-19 functional status six-months after hospitalization

(2020) Manuel Taboada et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

Clinical, virological and imaging profile in patients with prolonged forms of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

(2020) Dominique Salmon-Ceron et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION

COVID‐19 related fatigue: Which role for rehabilitation in post‐COVID‐19 patients? A case series

(2020) Francesco Ferraro et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY

Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19

(2020) Jenny Meinhardt et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Psychiatric morbidity and protracted symptoms after COVID-19

(2020) Burç Çağrı Poyraz et al.   PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH

Long-COVID: An evolving problem with an extensive impact

(2020) M Mendelson et al.   SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL

A prospective study of 12-week respiratory outcomes in COVID-19-related hospitalisations

(2020) Aditi S Shah et al.   THORAX

Persistent symptoms 1.5–6 months after COVID-19 in non-hospitalised subjects: a population-based cohort study

(2020) Knut Stavem et al.   THORAX

Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow-up: results from a prospective UK cohort

(2020) David T Arnold et al.   THORAX

Persistence of positive RT-PCR results for over 70 days in two travelers with COVID-19

(2020) Theo-Ben Kandetu et al.   Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness

NICE guideline on long covid

(2020) Manoj Sivan et al.   BMJ-British Medical Journal

Damaged lung gas exchange function of discharged COVID-19 patients detected by hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI

(2020) Haidong Li et al.   Science Advances

The known unknowns of T cell immunity to COVID-19

(2020) Annika C. Karlsson et al.   Science Immunology

Analysis of a persistent viral shedding patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR, FilmArray Respiratory Panel v2.1, and antigen detection

(2020) Yosuke Hirotsu et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY

Depression as a Mediator of Chronic Fatigue and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Survivors

(2019) So Hee Lee et al.   Psychiatry Investigation

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

(2019) Meredith Bryarly et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY

Pharmaceutical Interventions in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Literature-based Commentary

(2019) Spencer Richman et al.   CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS

Dynamic changes of lymphocyte counts in adult patients with severe pandemic H1N1 influenza A

(2019) Yandong Cheng et al.   Journal of Infection and Public Health

Exercise and non-pharmacological treatment of POTS

(2018) Qi Fu et al.   AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL

The High Costs of Low-Grade Inflammation: Persistent Fatigue as a Consequence of Reduced Cellular-Energy Availability and Non-adaptive Energy Expenditure

(2018) Tamara E. Lacourt et al.   Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

The pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune diseases: New T lymphocytes - Cytokines circuits beyond the Th1−Th2 paradigm

(2018) Qian Li et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY

Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation

(2014) Yasmine Belkaid et al.   CELL

Assessing exertional dyspnea in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

(2013) Jeffrey J. Swigris et al.   RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Delirium and Long-term Cognitive Trajectory Among Persons With Dementia

(2012) Alden L. Gross et al.   ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in SARS patients: seven years later

(2012) Feng-Chao Zhao et al.   European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology

Mast cell activation disease: a concise practical guide for diagnostic workup and therapeutic options

(2011) Gerhard J Molderings et al.   Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Validation of new biomarkers in systemic autoimmune diseases

(2011) Maria G. Tektonidou et al.   Nature Reviews Rheumatology

Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illness

(2010) Timothy D. Girard et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Mast cell activation syndrome: Proposed diagnostic criteria

(2010) Cem Akin et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

The long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity and health status

(2010) Jenny C. NGAI et al.   RESPIROLOGY

Mental Morbidities and Chronic Fatigue in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Survivors

(2009) Marco Ho-Bun Lam   ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Nature and functions of autoantibodies

(2008) Keith Elkon et al.   Nature clinical practice. Rheumatology