Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Volume 18, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115776
Keywords
cytokines; muscle damage; chemokines; badminton; soccer; monitoring
Funding
- German Federal Institute of Sport Science
- [IIA1-081901/12-20]
- [070503/20-21]
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This study aimed to investigate blood-based biomarkers and their regulation in different recovery-stress states. CK, IL-6, and IL-17A showed higher concentrations at NOR compared to REC time points. Other markers, such as S100A8 and BDNF, also displayed varying levels in response to different recovery-stress states. Further validation is needed to determine their suitability as biomarkers in training.
The purpose of this study was to investigate blood-based biomarkers and their regulation with regard to different recovery-stress states. A total of 35 male elite athletes (13 badminton, 22 soccer players) were recruited, and two venous blood samples were taken: one in a 'recovered' state (REC) after a minimum of one-day rest from exercise and another one in a 'non-recovered' state (NOR) after a habitual loading microcycle. Overall, 23 blood-based biomarkers of different physiologic domains, which address inflammation, muscle damage, and tissue repair, were analyzed by Luminex assays. Across all athletes, only creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL-) 6, and IL-17A showed higher concentrations at NOR compared to REC time points. In badminton players, higher levels of CK and IL-17A at NOR were found. In contrast, a higher value for S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) at REC was found in badminton players. Similar differences were found for BDNF in soccer players. Soccer players also showed increased levels of CK, and IL-6 at NOR compared to REC state. Several molecular markers were shown to be responsive to differing recovery-stress states, but their suitability as biomarkers in training must be further validated.
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