Article
Oncology
Shu-Jin Li, Zhi-Jun Sun
Summary: The challenge in improving response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors is to convert immune cold tumors into hot tumors. Oncolytic viruses are considered promising therapeutic platforms that can activate the immune system. However, their usage faces limitations and challenges.
Article
Oncology
Hong-My Nguyen, Praveen K. Bommareddy, Ann W. Silk, Dipongkor Saha
Summary: Anti-PD-1 therapy and oncolytic viruses (OVs) have different mechanisms in fighting against tumors. OVs can enhance the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy by reversing immunosuppressive factors and increasing the number of infiltrating lymphocytes. The timing of administration of the two agents is crucial for optimal therapeutic success, with the most promising approach being OV lead-in followed by concurrent therapy.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
James McAuliffe, Hok Fung Chan, Laurine Noblecourt, Ramiro Andrei Ramirez-Valdez, Vinnycius Pereira-Almeida, Yaxuan Zhou, Emily Pollock, Federica Cappuccini, Irina Redchenko, Adrian V. S. Hill, Carol Sze Ki Leung, Benoit J. Van den Eynde
Summary: A novel vaccine was developed to induce potent CD8(+) T cell response, and when combined with anti-PD-1, it showed improved therapeutic efficacy in murine tumor models expressing P1A antigen. The vaccine promoted CD8(+) T cell infiltration into tumors and drove inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, converting 'cold' tumors into 'hot' tumors.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Roger Li, Jingsong Zhang, Scott M. Gilbert, Jose Conejo-Garcia, James J. Mule
Summary: Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibition in other tumor types, many bladder cancer patients do not respond to the treatment, possibly due to a lack of pre-existing immune reactive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Oncolytic virus therapy aims to attract lymphocytes before immune checkpoint inhibition to enhance efficacy. This combination approach has shown promise in preclinical studies and is now being studied in clinical trials for bladder cancer treatment.
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Charlotte Lovatt, Alan L. Parker
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, but their efficacy is limited to patients with significant lymphocyte infiltration. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have shown promise in selectively killing tumor cells and inducing immunogenic cell death, making them a potential modality for combination therapy to overcome the limitations of ICIs. By increasing immune cell infiltration and inducing anti-tumor immunity, OVs can change the cold tumor microenvironment associated with poor response to ICIs, rendering patients more susceptible to these therapies.
Review
Immunology
Mahdie Jafari, Maryam Kadkhodazadeh, Mina Bahrololoumi Shapourabadi, Nasser Hashemi Goradel, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Arash Arashkia, Shahriyar Abdoli, Zahra Sharifzadeh
Summary: Despite the approval of new drugs and targeted therapies, most cancer types remain difficult to treat due to tumor heterogeneity, immune system evasion, and the complex interaction between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells. Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy, which uses viruses to selectively replicate within cancer cells and activate the immune system, has shown promising results. However, challenges such as off-target side effects and non-specific uptake limit its effectiveness as monotherapy. Combining OV with other biotherapeutic agents, such as antibodies and CAR-T cells, has been proposed to enhance the anti-tumor activities of OV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Wesam Kooti, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Mahdieh Farzanehpour, Ruhollah Dorostkar, Bahman Jalali Kondori, Masoumeh Bolandian
Summary: Recent studies have shown that oncolytic viruses have high potential in cancer treatment by achieving targeted treatment effects through selective cell death and inducing specific antitumor immunity. Understanding the mechanisms of action of oncolytic viruses can be beneficial in cancer therapy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Shengye Jin, Qin Wang, Hao Wu, Da Pang, Shouping Xu
Summary: Biological therapy, particularly oncolytic viruses (OVs), has shown promising therapeutic effects in various cancers, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC, lacking conventional treatment targets, benefits from the emerging concept of OVs for potential treatment options.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jacob Ripp, Stijn Hentzen, Anwaar Saeed
Summary: Utilizing viruses in the treatment of cancer, known as oncolytic viral therapy (OVT), has been extensively studied in the past few decades. While OVT as a monotherapy has shown limited efficacy, combining it with immunotherapy offers better treatment outcomes. Currently, several clinical trials are investigating the combination of OVT and immunotherapy in the treatment of various cancers.
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Hui Dong, Mengli Li, Chen Yang, Wei Wei, Xianglei He, Gang Cheng, Shibing Wang
Summary: Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common head and neck malignancies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited effectiveness due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, oncolytic viruses have the potential to transform the tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mengwen Huang, Songrong Wang, Senbiao Chen, Jilong Wang, Congfei Xu, Jing Liu, Zhexiong Lian, Xiaojiao Du, Jun Wang
Summary: In this study, the effects of pegylated liposomal mitoxantrone (PL-MIT) on tumor immune landscape were investigated. PL-MIT was found to enhance multiple damage-associated molecule patterns (DAMPs) signals in tumors, promote dendritic cells maturation and T cells infiltration, and induce high expression of PD-L1 on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which negatively impacts antitumor immunity.
Review
Immunology
Yi Ren, Jia-Meng Miao, Yuan-Yuan Wang, Zheng Fan, Xian-Bin Kong, Long Yang, Gong Cheng
Summary: Immunotherapy is promising in oncology, immune checkpoint inhibitors alone may not be effective for pMMR/MSS/MSI-L mCRC, the combination with oncolytic viruses shows exciting results in treating tumors by modulating the tumor microenvironment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Nasser Hashemi Goradel, Arezoo Alizadeh, Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh, Mitra Taghipour, Zeinab Ghesmati, Arash Arashkia, Babak Negahdari
Summary: Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a powerful therapeutic approach in cancer treatment, showing promising results in killing tumor cells and boosting immune responses. However, resistance to oncolytic viruses remains the main challenge, with various mechanisms and strategies being studied to overcome this barrier.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhiren Wang, Wenpan Li, Jonghan Park, Karina Marie Gonzalez, Aaron James Scott, Jianqin Lu
Summary: Camptothesome is an innovative nanovesicle therapeutic that has shown promising results in the treatment of colorectal cancer. It is taken up by cancer cells through a specific pathway and induces immunogenic cancer cell death. The use of Camptothesome-treated tumor cells as a vaccine has proven effective in preventing tumor growth. Furthermore, Camptothesome demonstrates superior anti-cancer efficacy and immune response compared to other treatments. It also enhances the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in shrinking late-stage CRC tumors and prolonging survival.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Elizabeth Appleton, Jehanne Hassan, Charleen Chan Wah Hak, Nanna Sivamanoharan, Anna Wilkins, Adel Samson, Masahiro Ono, Kevin J. Harrington, Alan Melcher, Erik Wennerberg
Summary: Researchers are exploring ways to initiate immune responses in order to make cold tumors susceptible to immune checkpoint inhibitors, thus improving treatment outcomes. Studies have investigated the potential impacts of local therapy on the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that these treatments could serve as a form of tumor vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
A. Psyrri, J. Fayette, K. Harrington, M. Gillison, M. -J. Ahn, S. Takahashi, J. Weiss, J. -P. Machiels, S. Baxi, A. Vasilyev, A. Karpenko, M. Dvorkin, C. -Y. Hsieh, S. C. Thungappa, P. P. Segura, I. Vynnychenko, R. Haddad, S. Kasper, P. -S. Mauz, V. Baker, P. He, B. Evans, S. Wildsmith, R. F. Olsson, A. Yovine, J. F. Kurland, N. Morsli, T. Y. Seiwert
Summary: The study compared the efficacy of durvalumab with or without tremelimumab versus the EXTREME regimen in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). The results showed that in patients with high PD-L1 expression, durvalumab had comparable overall survival with the EXTREME regimen. However, durvalumab alone and in combination with tremelimumab showed durable responses and reduced treatment-related adverse events compared to the EXTREME regimen.
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Robert L. Ferris, Kevin Harrington, Jonathan D. Schoenfeld, Makoto Tahara, Christina Esdar, Satu Salmio, Andreas Schroeder, Jean Bourhis
Summary: Standard of care for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy or definitive chemoradiotherapy. However, many patients experience disease recurrence or metastasis within 2 years, indicating a need for novel treatment options. Overexpression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) has been identified as a key factor in treatment resistance and poor outcomes. Xevinapant, a potent IAP inhibitor, has shown promising results in combination with chemoradiotherapy in a phase 2 trial. This article explores the current treatment landscape and highlights the potential of targeting IAPs for improved outcomes.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Robert I. Haddad, Kevin Harrington, Makoto Tahara, Robert L. Ferris, Maura Gillison, Jerome Fayette, Amaury Daste, Piotr Koralewski, Bogdan Zurawski, Miren Taberna, Nabil F. Saba, Milena Mak, Andrzej Kawecki, Gustavo Girotto, Miguel Angel Alvarez Avitia, Caroline Even, Joaquin Gabriel Reinoso Toledo, Alexander Guminski, Urs Muller-Richter, Naomi Kiyota, Mustimbo Roberts, Tariq Aziz Khan, Karen Miller-Moslin, Li Wei, Athanassios Argiris
Summary: In patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN), first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not show a significant difference in overall survival compared to the standard treatment. However, there may be some advantages in certain populations, and it has a better safety profile.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Charles M. Rudin, Hardev S. Pandha, Matthew Zibelman, Wallace L. Akerley, Kevin J. Harrington, Daphne Day, Andrew G. Hill, Steven J. O'Day, Timothy D. Clay, Gavin M. Wright, Ross R. Jennens, David E. Gerber, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Christy Ralph, David C. Campbell, Brendan D. Curti, Jaime R. Merchan, Yixin Ren, Emmett Schmidt, Lisa Guttman, Sumati Gupta
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of V937 combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. The results showed that the combination therapy had a manageable safety profile, but did not achieve greater efficacy than pembrolizumab monotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer and urothelial cancer.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Cara Owens, Alex Fitzhugh, Kevin Harrington, Vinidh Paleri, Bhupinder Sharma, Joshua Shur, Derfel ap Dafydd
Summary: This retrospective study assessed the clinical outcomes of patients with a primary malignancy who had incidentally detected thyroid cancer on their F-18-FDG PET-CT imaging. After a search of imaging records, patient demographics, oncological diagnosis, and stage were recorded. The results showed that the clinical outcomes of patients with an established primary malignancy are determined by their primary cancer and not by incidentally detected thyroid cancer, suggesting a potential 'watch-and-wait' approach for incidental thyroid nodules.
NUCLEAR MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Fabiana Gregucci, Sheila Spada, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff, Nina Bhardwaj, Charleen Chan Wah Hak, Alba Fiorentino, Chandan Guha, Monica L. Guzman, Kevin Harrington, Fernanda G. Herrera, Jamie Honeychurch, Theodore Hong, Lorea Iturri, Elisabeth Jaffee, Sana D. Karam, Simon R. V. Knott, Constantinos Koumenis, David Lyden, Ariel E. Marciscano, Alan Melcher, Michele Mondini, Anna Mondino, Zachary S. Morris, Sean Pitroda, Sergio A. Quezada, Laura Santambrogio, Stephen Shiao, John Stagg, Irma Telarovic, Robert Timmerman, Marie-Catherine Vozenin, Ralph Weichselbaum, James Welsh, Anna Wilkins, Chris Xu, Roberta Zappasodi, Weiping Zou, Alexandre Bobard, Sandra Demaria, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Eric Deutsch, Silvia C. Formenti
Summary: Focal radiation therapy has potential as a partner for immunotherapy, but there is a need for a better understanding of their interaction. The ImmunoRad conference provides a platform for experts to share knowledge and promote progress in the field. This article summarizes the key concepts and findings presented at the Sixth Annual ImmunoRad conference.
Article
Oncology
Kevin J. Harrington, Robert L. Ferris, Maura Gillison, Makoto Tahara, Athanasios Argiris, Jerome Fayette, Michael Schenker, Ase Bratland, John W. T. Walker, Peter Grell, Caroline Even, Christine H. Chung, Rebecca Redman, Alexandre Coutte, Sebastien Salas, Cliona Grant, Sergio de Azevedo, Denis Soulieres, Aaron R. Hansen, Li Wei, Tariq Aziz Khan, Karen Miller-Moslin, Mustimbo Roberts, Robert Haddad
Summary: The clinical benefit of first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab was evaluated in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN). The study found that nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not improve clinical outcomes compared to nivolumab alone in these patients. Further research is needed to identify subpopulations of R/M SCCHN patients who would benefit from nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy.
Article
Oncology
Susan Lalondrelle, Jen Lee, Rosalind J. Cutts, Isaac Garcia Murillas, Nik Matthews, Nicholas Turner, Kevin Harrington, Katherine Vroobel, Emily Moretti, Shreerang A. Bhide
Summary: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer, and there is currently no reliable method to predict early relapse. We have developed a blood test that can accurately detect HPV-DNA fragments in the blood, which can be used to assess treatment response and monitor relapse.
Article
Oncology
P. Martin, Z. Tsourti, J. Ribeiro, L. Castelo-Branco, E. de Azambuja, S. Gennatas, J. Rogado, M. Sekacheva, S. Susnjal, D. Vinal, R. Lee, S. Khallaf, G. Dimopoulou, S. Pradervand, J. Whisenant, T. K. Choueiri, D. Arnold, K. Harrington, K. Punie, J. Oliveira, O. Michielin, U. Dafni, S. Peters, G. Pentheroudakis, E. Romano
Summary: This paragraph summarizes the results of a study analyzing COVID-19 patients, which found that factors such as symptomatic patients, males, older age, ethnicity other than Asian/Caucasian, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >2, body mass index <25, hematological malignancy, progressive disease versus no evident disease, and advanced cancer stage significantly affect COVID-19 outcomes.
Article
Oncology
Karan Patel, Massimiliano Manzo, Brindley Hapuarachi, Samuel Rack, Philip Jermann, Laura Feeney, Emily Heathcote, Guy Betts, Jon C. Aster, Maximilien Murone, Maria Bobadilla, Rajwinder Lehal, Florian D. Vogl, Kevin Harrington, Robert Metcalf
Review
Oncology
Rita Simoes, Yolanda Augustin, Sarah Gulliford, Hakim-Moulay Dehbi, Peter Hoskin, Elizabeth Miles, Kevin Harrington, Aisha B. Miah
Summary: This systematic review summarizes the incidence of acute and late toxicities in soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities (STSE) patients undergoing radiotherapy. It also discusses the limitations in guidance on normal tissue and dose-volume parameters for optimizing radiotherapy plans in STSE.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Nikhil Manish Patel, Georgios Geropoulos, Pranav Harshad Patel, Ricky Harminder Bhogal, Kevin Joseph Harrington, Aran Singanayagam, Sacheen Kumar
Summary: Diagnosis of oesophago-gastric cancer is challenging, but non-invasive risk stratification can identify susceptible patients with pre-malignant or benign diseases. Early oesophago-gastric cancer can be treated sooner following diagnostic confirmation through endoscopic biopsy. Mucins, transmembrane glycoproteins implicated in oesophago-gastric cancer, have the potential to be used as biomarkers for malignant transformation. This systematic review examines the role of mucins in the diagnosis of oesophago-gastric cancer.
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Georgia M. Beasley, Ari M. VanderWalde, Tawnya L. Bowles, Joseph J. Sacco, Jiaxin Niu, Katy K. Tsai, Jason A. Chesney, Bartosz Chmielowski, Adel Samson, Terence Duane Rhodes, Gino K. In, Anna C. Pavlick, Trisha M. Wise-Draper, Miguel F. Sanmamed, Jeannie Hou, Mark R. Middleton, Kevin Harrington, Celeste Lebbe, Judith Michels, Mohammed M. Milhem
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Ashwin Algudkar, Kevin Harrington, Cyrus Kerawala, Izhar Bagwan, Derfel Ap Dafydd
Summary: This study summarizes the imaging recommendations and characteristics of head and neck mucosal melanoma (HNMM), and provides revised guidelines to guide the investigation and management of this rare and aggressive cancer.
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY-HEIDELBERG
(2023)