Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 783, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146970
Keywords
Perfluoroalkyl substances; Lake Victoria; Catchment drainage; Urban discharge; Human exposure; Atmospheric deposition
Categories
Funding
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
- SidaMakerere University Bilateral Programme (Phase IV)
- InternationalFoundation for Science (IFS) [I-2-W-4880-2]
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This study investigated the spatial profiles of PFASs in the Ugandan part of Lake Victoria, and found that PFASs were mostly associated with urban drainage samples. The research suggested that PFASs were likely recycled from urban drainage, through the lake, into municipal drinking water, with low risk of adverse health effects from human exposure via drinking water.
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have scarcely been studied in the Lake Victoria Basin and Africa in general. We investigated spatial profiles of PFASs in the Ugandan part of Lake Victoria, their influxes and human exposure via drinking water. We analyzed open lake water, riverine water (Rivers Kagera and Sio), urban drainage water (Nakivubo Channel), over-lake bulk atmospheric deposition and municipal tap water (Kampala, Jinja and Entebbe). The average concentrations (ng/L) for individual target PFASs were in the ranges of 0.08-23.8 (Nakivubo Channel), 0.01-10.8 (Murchison Bay), R. Kagera, >R. Sio > Nakivubo Channel. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) had the highest influx and retention estimates, respectively. Perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) were mostly associated with urban drainage samples. PFASs were likely recycled from the Nakivubo Channel, through the Murchison Bay, into municipal drinking water. The estimated human exposure to Sigma(11)PFASs via drinking water indicated low risk of adverse health effects. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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