Review
Neurosciences
Ghalya Alrousan, Arham Hassan, Aditya Anilkumar Pillai, Fatin Atrooz, Samina Salim
Summary: Adequate sleep is crucial for brain development and mental health, while early life sleep deprivation can lead to behavioral and cognitive disturbances. However, the neurobiological mechanisms behind these outcomes are not well understood.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Krzysztof Kowalski, Bogumila Szponar, Patrycja Bochen, Paulina Zebrowska-Rozanska, Lukasz Laczmanski, Jerzy Samochowiec, Blazej Misiak
Summary: This study compared the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fecal samples of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and analyzed their relationship with common peripheral blood alterations observed in schizophrenia. The results showed that patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher levels of isovaleric acid compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, in patients with schizophrenia, the levels of isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and C-reactive protein were significantly positively correlated with impaired memory.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Allana L. Canty, Yuan Cao, David Neumann, David H. K. Shum
Summary: The complex interactions between cognitive empathy, ToM, neurocognition, and severity of clinical symptoms have significant implications for social functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. Individuals with early schizophrenia demonstrated better cognitive empathy compared to those with chronic schizophrenia, and ToM added value in predicting social functioning beyond cognitive empathy, clinical symptoms, and neurocognition.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuting Fan, Arden L. McMath, Sharon M. Donovan
Summary: This review examines the impact of milk oligosaccharides (MOS) on brain and neurocognitive development in early life, synthesizing current literature from preclinical models and human observational studies. The study found that fucosylated and sialylated milk oligosaccharides play crucial roles in learning, memory, executive functioning, and brain structural development. However, limitations were identified, such as overlooking the complexity of naturally occurring MOS compositions and challenges in quantifying MOS intake in human studies.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Andrew J. Watson, Annalisa Giordano, John Suckling, Thomas R. E. Barnes, Nusrat Husain, Peter B. Jones, Carl R. Krynicki, Stephen M. Lawrie, Shon Lewis, Naghmeh Nikkheslat, Carmine M. Pariante, Rachel Upthegrove, Bill Deakin, Paola Dazzan, Eileen M. Joyce
Summary: This study identified cognitive subtypes based on IQ in patients with early-phase schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. The compromised IQ subtype was associated with smaller brain volume and higher levels of low-grade inflammation markers. This adds validity to the existence of a neurodevelopmental subtype of schizophrenia.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Shen Li, Shi Yu Chan, Amy Higgins, Mei-Hua Hall
Summary: This study explores the longitudinal relationships between sensory gating deficits (SG) and neurocognitive, social, and real-world functioning in early psychosis patients. The results show that SG progressively reduces in early psychosis patients, and P50 indices are related to real-life functioning.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Cinta Gas, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola, Javier Vazquer-Bourgon, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Jesus Garcia-Gavilan, Javier Labad, Lourdes Martorell, Gerard Muntane, Vanessa Sanchez-Gistau, Elisabet Vilella
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that DDR1 plays a role in myelination and is associated with decreased cognitive processing speed in schizophrenia. This study investigated the association between DDR1 variants and cognitive processing speed in early psychosis patients. The results showed that SZ-risk combined genotypes were associated with increased cognitive processing speed in early psychosis patients.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lucas Melo Neves, Raphael Ritti-Dias, Valeria Juday, Raquel Marquesini, Aline Mendes Gerage, Gilberto Candido Laurentino, Renato Hoffmann Nunes, Brendon Stubbs, Carlos Ugrinowitsch
Summary: Brain atrophy, a decrease in brain volume, is associated with cognitive health in older adults. Insufficient moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been linked to lower brain volume. This study found that meeting weekly MVPA recommendations helps preserve the volume of over 30 brain areas and structures in older adults. Additionally, cardiorespiratory fitness is an important predictor of brain volume preservation.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Kim T. Mueser, Rachel F. Sussman, Nicole R. Detore, Elizabeth S. Eberlin, Susan R. Mcgurk
Summary: Impaired cognitive functioning is a core feature of schizophrenia, and early intervention services have been shown to improve symptoms and functioning in first episode psychosis. This study evaluated the long-term effects of early intervention services on cognitive functioning in first episode psychosis patients. The results showed that while there were no improvements in cognitive functioning for older patients, younger patients showed significant improvements in working memory. Overall, interventions targeting cognition may be necessary to enhance cognitive functioning in most first episode psychosis patients.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yang Wen, Chuan Zhou, Leiting Chen, Yu Deng, Martine Cleusix, Raoul Jenni, Philippe Conus, Kim Q. Do, Lijing Xin
Summary: In this study, a multi-task deep learning framework was used to improve the classification accuracy of early psychosis. The framework combined structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) with cognitive assessment, achieving a high accuracy rate.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yi Yin, Shuangshuang Li, Jinghui Tong, Junchao Huang, Baopeng Tian, Song Chen, Yimin Cui, Shuping Tan, Zhiren Wang, Fude Yang, Yongsheng Tong, L. Elliot Hong, Yunlong Tan
Summary: This study aimed to compare pre-treatment neurocognitive profiles among individuals with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), typical-onset schizophrenia (TOS), and late-onset schizophrenia (LOS). The results showed that TOS patients had lower scores in verbal learning compared to LOS patients, while there were no differences in other cognitive domains. The association between age of onset and verbal memory showed a U-shaped curve.
COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Megan Cowman, Laurena Holleran, Edgar Lonergan, Karen O'Connor, Max Birchwood, Gary Donohoe
Summary: Research has shown that in individuals with early psychosis, cognitive ability and social cognition are strongly related to psychosocial function, even after accounting for the effects of symptom severity, duration of untreated psychosis, and length of illness. Overall, general cognitive ability and social cognition are most strongly associated with both concurrent and long-term function, with associations demonstrating medium effect sizes.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Amy Higgins, Kathryn Eve Lewandowski, Saran Liukasemsarn, Mei-Hua Hall
Summary: Reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) is observed in early psychosis patients, particularly those with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. MMN is associated with functioning and social cognition but does not predict future functional outcomes.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Gabriella Buck, Carolina Makowski, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Bratislav Misic, Ridha Joober, Ashok Malla, Martin Lepage, Katie M. Lavigne
Summary: This study found significant differences in verbal memory, symptoms, and brain structure between different sexes in FEP patients. Verbal memory deficits and core psychotic symptoms in male patients were associated with changes in frontal and temporal cortical thickness, as well as reductions in CA2/3 hippocampal subfield and fornix volumes. In female patients, fewer negative/depressive symptoms were related to a less pronounced cortical thickness pattern and more diffuse reductions in hippocampal white matter regions.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Wenjian Zheng, Xueyi Guan, Xianchang Zhang, Jian Gong
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the short-term natural cognitive recovery and brain plasticity in pediatric patients with low-grade frontal lobe tumors (LGFLT) following surgery. The findings revealed that motor speed and reaction time improved over a period of 3-6 months post-surgery, while functional connectivity between the frontal lobes and basal ganglia showed a temporary decrease in the first month and gradual recovery thereafter. The recovery process may involve map expansion plasticity in the frontal-basal ganglia circuit.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Alexis Revet, Johannes Hebebrand, Dimitris Anagnostopoulos, Laura A. Kehoe, Gertraud Gradl-Dietsch, Paul Klauser
Summary: This report presents the findings from a survey on the impact of COVID-19 on child and adolescent psychiatry services in Europe. While service delivery was significantly affected at the beginning of the pandemic, the second survey showed a minor impact on care delivery. However, there was a dramatic increase in the perceived impact on the mental health and psychopathology of children and adolescents. Suicidal crises, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and major depressive episodes were particularly affected. There was a substantial increase in referrals or requests for assessments, and CAP department heads expressed concerns about the long-term consequences of the crisis.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Alexis Revet, Johannes Hebebrand, Paul Klauser
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Julien Songeon, Sebastien Courvoisier, Lijing Xin, Thomas Agius, Oscar Dabrowski, Alban Longchamp, Francois Lazeyras, Antoine Klauser
Summary: This study introduces a new artificial intelligence framework, 31P-SPAWNN, for analyzing phosphorus-31 (P-31) magnetic resonance spectra. The experiment demonstrates the reliability and accuracy of 31P-SPAWNN in estimating metabolite concentrations and spectral parameters. It also shows that 31P-SPAWNN has improved quantification and processing time compared to traditional methods.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yasser Aleman-Gomez, Thomas Baumgartner, Paul Klauser, Martine Cleusix, Raoul Jenni, Patric Hagmann, Philippe Conus, Kim Q. Do, Meritxell Bach Cuadra, Philipp S. Baumann, Pascal Steullet
Summary: Using a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging approach, this study investigated the anomalies in thalamic structure in early phase psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. The results revealed widespread microstructural alterations in thalamus associated with white matter integrity changes. Furthermore, localized changes were observed in specific subregions, and these alterations varied in nature across different subregions.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Assia Riccioni, Martina Siracusano, Chiara Davico, Paul Klauser, Carmen Morcillo, Dennis Ougrin, Benedetto Vitiello, Kerstin J. Plessen, Marco Armando, Samuele Cortese, Luigi Mazzone
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Daniella Dwir, Ines Khadimallah, Lijing Xin, Meredith Rahman, Fei Du, Dost Ongur, Kim Q. Do
Summary: Redox biology and immune signaling are important in brain function and are implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, and epilepsy. This article reviews the literature on these topics, discusses their implications for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and explores the potential for novel treatment interventions targeting redox and immune signaling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Daniel Wenz, Lijing Xin, Thomas Dardano, Andre Kuehne
Summary: The dipolectric antenna, a novel RF coil design for high-field MRI, is introduced by combining a dipole antenna with a loop-coupled dielectric resonator antenna. Simulations and experiments were conducted using different channel dipolectric antenna arrays in human voxel model Duke. Results show that the dipolectric antenna array provides higher SNR performance compared to commercial head coils, and the dipole-only mode demonstrates the best transmit performance. The dipolectric antenna shows promise in enhancing SNR in human brain MRI at 7 T and can be used to develop novel multi-channel arrays for various high-field MRI applications.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Basilio Giangreco, Daniella Dwir, Paul Klauser, Raoul Jenni, Philippe Golay, Martine Cleusix, Philipp S. Baumann, Michel Cuenod, Philippe Conus, Nicolas Toni, Kim Q. Do
Summary: Due to its heterogeneity, schizophrenia requires new diagnostic tools based on mechanistic biomarkers for early detection. The complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors may lead to NMDAR hypofunction, inflammation, and redox dysregulation, ultimately resulting in oxidative stress. Using computational analysis, the study examined the expression of 76 genes involved in these systems in skin-fibroblasts from early psychosis patients and controls. The study also investigated the GAG trinucleotide polymorphism in the gclc gene to assess the genetic risk related to redox dysregulation. The findings suggest the importance of oxidative stress and genetic factors in schizophrenia, and machine learning approaches show promise for early detection.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kate Merritt, Robert McCutcheon, Andre Aleman, Sarah Ashley, Katherine Beck, Wolfgang Block, Oswald J. N. Bloemen, Faith Borgan, Christiana Boules, Juan R. Bustillo, Aristides Capizzano, Jennifer Q. Coughlin, Anthony David, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Arsime Demjaha, Kara Dempster, Kim Do, Fei E. Du, Peter Falkai, Beata Galinska-Skok, Juergen Gallinat, Charles Gasparovic, Cedric E. Ginestet, Naoki Goto, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Beng-Choon Ho, Oliver Howes, Sameer Jauhar, Peter Jeon, Tadafumi Kato, Charles A. Kaufmann, Lawrence S. Kegeles, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Sang-Young Kim, Bridget King, Hiroshi Kunugi, J. Lauriello, Pablo Leon-Ortiz, Edith Liemburg, Meghan Mcilwain, Gemma Modinos, Elias Mouchlianitis, Jun Nakamura, Igor Nenadic, Dost Ongur, Miho Ota, Lena E. Palaniyappan, Christos Pantelis, Tulsi F. Patel, Eric Plitman, Sotirios R. Posporelis, Scot Purdon, Juergen R. Reichenbach, Perry C. Renshaw, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Bruce A. Russell, Akira Sawa, Martin Schaefer, Dikoma C. Shungu, Stefan Smesny, Jeffrey Stanley, James G. Stone, Agata Szulc, Reggie Taylor, Katharine N. Thakkar, Jean J. Theberge, Philip Tibbo, Therese van Amelsvoort, Jerzy Walecki, Peter Williamson, Stephen Wood, Lijing Xin, Hidenori Yamasue, Philip K. McGuire, Alice Egerton
Summary: This study conducted meta-analyses and found that patients with schizophrenia have greater variability in glutamate metabolites compared to controls in various brain regions, and age and symptoms also influence individual variability.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Developmental
Jochen Kindler, Michael Kaess, Stephan Eliez, Maya Cosentino, Matthias Liebrand, Paul Klauser
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Radek Skupienski, Pascal Steullet, Kim Q. Do, Lijing Xin
Summary: Defects in metabolic regulation, oxidative stress, and membrane dysfunction are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Understanding the developmental trajectory and interaction of these components is crucial for new preventive and treatment strategies. This study investigated the neurodevelopment of an SZ animal model and found alterations in redox state, energy metabolism, and neurotransmitters, providing insights into potential treatment targets for at-risk individuals and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Zhiwei Huang, Giulio Gambarota, Ying Xiao, Daniel Wenz, Lijing Xin
Summary: The purpose of this study was to measure the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of major phosphorous metabolites in the human calf muscle at 7T using a diffusion-weighted (DW)-STEAM sequence. The ADC values of four phosphorous metabolites were successfully measured, providing a pathway for investigating the diffusion properties of phosphorous metabolites in health and disease on clinical MR scanners.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)