Article
Clinical Neurology
Alessandro Dinoto, Matteo Gastaldi, Raffaele Iorio, Sofia Marini, Valentina Damato, Antonio Farina, Marco Zoccarato, Elia Sechi, Francesca Pinna, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Ruggero Barnabei, Luigi Zuliani, Sergio Ferrari, Sara Mariotto
Summary: This retrospective multicenter study evaluated the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface and/or synaptic antigens. The results showed that a small percentage of patients experienced relapses after vaccination, but the majority did not experience any side effects.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Liqiang Zhang, Yize (Henry) Li, Karen Kibler, Simona Kraberger, Arvind Varsani, Julie Turk, Nora Elmadbouly, Emily Aliskevich, Laurel Spaccarelli, Bereket Estifanos, Junior Enow, Isabela Rivabem Zanetti, Nicholas Saldevar, Efrem Lim, Jessika Schlievert, Kyle Browder, Anjali Wilson, Fernando Arcos Juan, Aubrey Pinteric, Aman Garg, Henna Monder, Rohan Saju, Savanah Gisriel, Bertram Jacobs, Timothy L. Karr, Esther Borges Florsheim, Vivek Kumar, John Wallen, Masmudur Rahman, Grant McFadden, Brenda G. Hogue, Alexandra R. Lucas
Summary: Serp-1 is a highly effective immune-modulator that can be used as a treatment for ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the complications of Long COVID, improving patient outcomes by regulating inflammatory response and coagulation function.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Adrien Biguenet, Kevin Bouiller, Solene Marty-Quinternet, Anne-Sophie Brunel, Catherine Chirouze, Quentin Lepiller
Summary: The respiratory viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients decrease steadily during the acute phase of infection. While the viral loads are not strongly correlated with COVID-19 symptoms and outcome, determining the level of viral loads may help predict the onset of virus shedding in a specific patient. The role of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads as a biomarker of severity is limited.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Andrea Pilotto, Stefano Masciocchi, Irene Volonghi, Massimo Crabbio, Eugenio Magni, Valeria De Giuli, Francesca Caprioli, Nicola Rifino, Maria Sessa, Michele Gennuso, Maria Sofia Cotelli, Marinella Turla, Ubaldo Balducci, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Alfonso Ciccone, Fabrizio Fiacco, Alberto Imarisio, Barbara Risi, Alberto Benussi, Enrico Premi, Emanuele Foca, Francesca Caccuri, Matilde Leonardi, Roberto Gasparotti, Francesco Castelli, Gianluigi Zanusso, Alessandro Pezzini, Alessandro Padovani
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a wide spectrum of encephalitis characterized by different clinical presentations, response to treatment, and outcomes. The study identified subtypes of encephalitis based on MRI results, with patients showing acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis and limbic encephalitis having a delayed onset and more severe COVID-19 respiratory involvement. Patients with MRI alterations exhibited worse response to treatment and final outcomes.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Andrea Pilotto, Stefano Masciocchi, Irene Volonghi, Valeria De Giuli, Francesca Caprioli, Sara Mariotto, Sergio Ferrari, Silvia Bozzetti, Alberto Imarisio, Barbara Risi, Enrico Premi, Alberto Benussi, Emanuele Foca, Francesco Castelli, Gianluigi Zanusso, Salvatore Monaco, Paola Stefanelli, Roberto Gasparotti, Anastasia Zekeridou, Andrew McKeon, Nicholas J. Ashton, Kaj BlennoW, Henrik Zetterberg, Alessandro Padovani
Summary: SARS-CoV-2-related encephalitis is associated with prominent glial activation and neuroinflammatory markers, with neuronal markers increased only in severe cases. The pattern of CSF alterations suggests cytokine-release syndrome as the main inflammatory mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-related encephalitis.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Derek E. Dimcheff, Andrew L. Valesano, Kalee E. Rumfelt, William J. Fitzsimmons, Christopher Blair, Carmen Mirabelli, Joshua G. Petrie, Emily T. Martin, Chandan Bhambhani, Muneesh Tewari, Adam S. Lauring
Summary: The study investigated the detection of total and subgenomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples and their relationship to symptom duration. Results showed that subgenomic RNA levels declined linearly with total RNA levels, with a constant relationship over the duration of symptoms. This suggests that subgenomic RNA may not provide additional information on infectivity beyond what can be determined by total RNA copies.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Daseuli Yu, Hee-Jeong Han, Jeonghye Yu, Jihye Kim, Gun-Hee Lee, Ju-Hee Yang, Byeong-Min Song, Dongseob Tark, Byeong-Sun Choi, Sang -Min Kang, Won Do Heo
Summary: CRISPR-Cas13-mediated viral genome targeting is an effective strategy for combating SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. By using mRNA-encoded Cas13b, specifically targeting the ORF1b region, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene can be degraded. Among the designed CRISPR RNAs, those targeting the pseudoknot site upstream of ORF1b were found to be most effective in suppressing viral propagation. Pseudoknot-targeting Cas13b not only reduced spike protein expression and viral replication by 99%, but also inhibited the replication of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ting Xiao, Mengqi Cui, Caijuan Zheng, Ming Wang, Ronghao Sun, Dandi Gao, Jiali Bao, Shanfa Ren, Bo Yang, Jianping Lin, Xiaoping Li, Dongmei Li, Cheng Yang, Honggang Zhou
Summary: A new SARS-CoV-2 M-pro inhibitor, myricetin, was discovered in this study with potent inhibitory activity through interactions with the enzyme's binding pocket via hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking. Myricetin showed strong inhibitory effects on viral replication by binding to SARS-CoV-2 M-pro. Additionally, it exhibited potent inhibitory effects on pulmonary inflammation, making it a potential drug for the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Livia Teixeira, Jairo R. Temerozo, Filipe S. Pereira-Dutra, Andre Costa Ferreira, Mayara Mattos, Barbara Simonson Goncalves, Carolina Q. Sacramento, Lohanna Palhinha, Tamires Cunha-Fernandes, Suelen S. G. Dias, Vinicius Cardoso Soares, Ester A. Barreto, Daniella Cesar-Silva, Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues, Camila R. R. Pao, Caroline S. de Freitas, Patricia A. Reis, Eugenio D. Hottz, Fernando A. Bozza, Dumith C. Bou-Habib, Elvira M. Saraiva, Cecilia J. G. de Almeida, Joao P. B. Viola, Thiago Moreno L. Souza, Patricia T. Bozza
Summary: Simvastatin has been shown to have protective effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection both in vitro and in vivo. It reduces viral replication and lung damage, delays the progression of the disease, and decreases mortality. It also suppresses inflammation triggered by the virus and affects the course of infection by disrupting lipid rafts on cell membranes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valentina Gallo, Alyexandra Arienzo, Stefano Iacobelli, Valentina Iacobelli, Giovanni Antonini
Summary: Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays an important role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and is upregulated in cancer and various viral infections. Studies have shown a direct correlation between circulating levels of Gal-3BP and the severity and progression of viral infections. Gal-3BP affects viral infections through various mechanisms, including inducing the expression of interferons and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as directly interacting with virus components.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Samrein B. M. Ahmed, Suad Hannawi, Rifat Hamoudi, Qutayba Hamid, Rabih Halwani
Summary: Immune homeostasis is disturbed during severe viral infections, resulting in loss of tolerance to self-peptides and potential autoimmunity. In-silico analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets revealed upregulation of certain autoantigens, such as MPO and TSHR, in both blood and lung tissue samples during SAR-CoV-2 infection. Neutrophil activation derived autoantigens were prominently increased in both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, while specific autoantigens like TSHR were elevated only in SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, upregulation of certain autoantigens was observed in low-density neutrophil subset, indicating potential autoimmune activation during COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Veronika Vasilevska, Paul C. Guest, Hans-Gert Bernstein, Matthias L. Schroeter, Christian Geis, Johann Steiner
Summary: Approximately 30% of individuals with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections develop neurological and psychiatric complaints. In rare cases, autoimmune encephalitis has been reported post SARS-CoV-2 infection, with successful treatment using high-dose steroid and immunoglobulin therapy in identified cases. Clinical attention should be focused on warning signs of autoimmune encephalitis in severe COVID-19 cases to minimize neurological impairments.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Alvin Oliver Payus, Mohammad Saffree Jeffree, May Honey Ohn, Hui Jan Tan, Azliza Ibrahim, Yuen Kang Chia, Azman Ali Raymond
Summary: The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to a wide spectrum of autoimmune encephalitis, with limited long-term studies on this topic. Most patients respond well to immunomodulating therapy and achieve good recovery.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
James E. Kirby, Stefan Riedel, Sanjucta Dutta, Ramy Arnaout, Annie Cheng, Sarah Ditelberg, Donald J. Hamel, Charlotte A. Chang, Phyllis J. Kanki
Summary: This study aimed to define the relationship of SARS-CoV-2 antigen, viral load determined by RT-qPCR, and viral culture detection. The results showed a strong correlation between antigen testing and viral culture, with high sensitivity of antigen tests at high viral loads. Therefore, antigen testing can be used to rule out infectivity at the time of sampling.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Helena Arino, Rosie Heartshorne, Benedict D. Michael, Timothy R. Nicholson, Angela Vincent, Thomas A. Pollak, Alberto Vogrig
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has neurological manifestations in 30-80% of cases, including anosmia, stroke, and encephalopathy. Some patients also develop autoimmune neurological disorders, with unclear mechanisms. Early recognition and immunotherapy are crucial for preventing long-term disability risks.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sina Azadnajafabad, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Mohammad Keykhaei, Parnian Shobeiri, Negar Rezaei, Erfan Ghasemi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Naser Ahmadi, Azin Ghamari, Sarvenaz Shahin, Nazila Rezaei, Mahdi Aghili, Ahmad Kaviani, Bagher Larijani, Farshad Farzadfar
Summary: Breast cancer is the most prevalent and deadly neoplasm in females, which poses a heavy burden on health systems. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of care and management of breast cancer patients and its risk factors. The findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiology and burden of breast cancer as well as the quality of care provided to patients with breast cancer.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Amirmohammad Khalaji, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Parnian Shobeiri, Behrad Saeedian, Antonio L. Teixeira, Nima Rezaei
Summary: The study found no significant difference in BDNF levels between patients with OSA and controls, as well as no statistically significant impact of CPAP treatment on BDNF levels. Therefore, BDNF peripheral levels are not significantly altered in OSA or by its related treatment, preventing its use as a biomarker.
SLEEP AND BREATHING
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Mobina Amanollahi, Melika Jameie, Arash Heidari, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Adult neurogenesis plays a critical role in various neurological disorders, and neuroinflammation is a key factor that can affect this process by regulating multiple steps of neurogenesis. Understanding the effects of immune components on adult neurogenesis can provide insights into potential therapeutic candidates for these disorders.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Amene Saghazadeh, Nima Rezaei
Summary: An immunocompromised status increases the risk of monkeypox virus infection and severe disease, highlighting the importance of immune competence for controlling and clearing the virus. Studies have shown various effects of monkeypox virus on the immune system, including stimulation, modulation, and memory, affecting immune cells and molecules such as natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, cytokines, interferons, chemokines, and complement.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mandana Azari, Farbod Bahreini, Vladimir N. Uversky, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Breast cancer is a malignancy that occurs in the mammary glands, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being the most aggressive subtype. TNBC is resistant to hormone therapy and targeted therapies, making chemotherapy the primary treatment. However, resistance to chemotherapy can lead to treatment failure, cancer recurrence, and distant metastasis. Targeting chemoresistant metastases-initiating cells with specific therapeutic agents is a promising approach in TNBC management. Peptides, with their specificity, low immunogenicity, and efficacy, can be used to design drugs that enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy for targeting drug-tolerant TNBC cells.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Soren Nooraei, Alireza Sarkar Lotfabadi, Milad Akbarzadehmoallemkolaei, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing and reducing the impact of infectious diseases in animals and humans. Adjuvants are substances that enhance the immune response and can improve the body's immune reactions. Nanoparticles have shown promise as more effective adjuvants due to their ability to target antigen-presenting cells and easily cross biological barriers.
Article
Allergy
Soodeh Ghadimi, Mahnaz Jamee, Hassan Abolhassani, Nima Parvaneh, Nima Rezaei, Samaneh Delavari, Mahnaz Sadeghi-Shabestari, Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei, Alireza Fahimzad, Shahnaz Armin, Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Samin Sharafian
Summary: DCLRE1C gene mutation leads to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with recurrent infections, impaired immune system development, and radiosensitivity. This study identified 9 Iranian patients with confirmed DCLRE1C mutation, most of whom were born in consanguineous families. The patients presented with early-onset respiratory tract infections, chronic diarrhea, and autoimmune disorders, along with reduced B cell and CD4+ cell counts and IgA deficiency.
ALLERGY ASTHMA AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Parnian Shobeiri, Saba Maleki, Mobina Amanollahi, Amirhossein Habibzadeh, Antonio L. Teixeira, Nima Rezaei
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the blood BDNF levels in patients with SLE. The meta-analysis of 8 studies showed no significant differences in blood BDNF concentrations between SLE patients and healthy controls. Further high-quality studies are needed to explore the potential role and relevance of BDNF in SLE.
ADVANCES IN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mohammad Varzandeh, Leila Sabouri, Vahid Mansouri, Maliheh Gharibshahian, Nima Beheshtizadeh, Michael R. Hamblin, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Radiosensitizers are compounds or nanostructures that enhance the effectiveness of ionizing radiation in killing cells. They increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to radiation-induced killing while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. This review discusses various nano-radiosensitizers and their combinations with other cancer therapies, highlighting the benefits, drawbacks, challenges, and future prospects.
BIOENGINEERING & TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Kimia Kazemzadeh, Sadra Behrouzieh, Nima Rezaei
Summary: This article reviews the potential immune-related side effects of immunotherapy in treating leukemia, including effects on different body systems such as cardiovascular and neurologic systems. Being aware of these side effects can lead to better clinical decision-making and proactive management in case of occurrence.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTICANCER THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Sara Mahdiabadi, Sara Momtazmanesh, Amirali Karimi, Nima Rezaei
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic melanoma. The results showed that ICIs are associated with improved overall survival and can assist clinicians in choosing the optimal treatment approach.
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTICANCER THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mahdi Masrour, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Parisa Fallahtafti, Nima Rezaei
Summary: The study found that lncRNAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC, but further investigation is needed to validate clinical efficacy and elucidate mechanisms. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics should be used to ascertain expression profiles.
Article
Neurosciences
Mahsa Golshani Nasab, Arash Heidari, Mohammadreza Sedighi, Narges Shakerian, Mona Mirbeyk, Amene Saghazadeh, Nima Rezaei
Summary: This article discusses the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs), finding that a proinflammatory diet is associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders. The effects of genetic backgrounds, dietary patterns, and the gut microbiome on DII are also discussed. Future research should evaluate causality through RCTs and explore personalized medicine interventions using information about DII in NPDs.
REVIEWS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Atiye Lavafian, Parmida Sadat Pezeshki, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Female infertility is a growing health issue worldwide, largely due to anti-cancer therapy. Chemotherapy drugs used in breast cancer treatment can lead to infertility, but some treatments, like chemotherapy plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, show promise in improving survival rates and reducing ovarian toxicity. Gynecological cancers, such as uterine and ovarian cancer, are also strongly related to infertility, but fertility-sparing surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy are proving to be better options than radical surgery. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become important in cancer treatment, but they can cause hypophysitis and infertility. Different options for ovarian preservation, monitoring ovarian reserve, and experimental approaches like human placenta mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are being explored to prevent fertility loss.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Ghazaleh Ghaffaripour Jahromi, Sepideh Razi, Nima Rezaei
Summary: This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiological models of depression and the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and depression. By adopting the inflammatory theory, the central role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in depression is explained and supported by evidence from human studies and animal models. The activation of the inflammasome is not limited to the central nervous system, but extends to the gut and peripheral immune systems, affecting the balance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.