Journal
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 208, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102172
Keywords
Peripheral nerve injury; Immunoengineering; Immunomodulation; Macrophages; Regeneration
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [NINDS T32-NS043126, NINDS F32-NS116205, NINDS T32-EB005583, NCATS TL1TR001880, NINDS R44-NS108869]
- Department of Defense [W81XWH-16-1-0796, W81XWH-19-1-0867]
- Department of Veterans Affairs [I01-BX003748]
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Peripheral nerve injuries disrupt cellular communication between the central nervous system and somatic distal end targets, leading to limited muscle reinnervation and functional recovery. Macrophages play a critical role in the regeneration of the injured peripheral nervous system, and implementing macrophage-based immunomodulatory therapies is promising for nerve injuries in various clinical presentations.
Peripheral nerve injuries result in disrupted cellular communication between the central nervous system and somatic distal end targets. The peripheral nervous system is capable of independent and extensive regeneration; however, meaningful target muscle reinnervation and functional recovery remain limited and may result in chronic neuropathic pain and diminished quality of life. Macrophages, the primary innate immune cells of the body, are critical contributors to regeneration of the injured peripheral nervous system. However, in some clinical scenarios, macrophages may fail to provide adequate support with optimal timing, duration, and location. Here, we review the history of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory strategies to treat nerve injuries. Thereafter, we enumerate the ways in which macrophages contribute to successful nerve regeneration. We argue that implementing macrophage-based immunomodulatory therapies is a promising treatment strategy for nerve injuries across a wide range of clinical presentations.
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