☆ 4.7 Article

Water purification via novel nano-adsorbents and their regeneration strategies

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2021)

Journal

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Volume 152, Issue -, Pages 441-454

Publisher

ELSEVIER

DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.031

Keywords

Adsorbents; Adsorption; Regeneration; Nanotechnology; Desorption

Funding

DBT BIG-BIRAC [BIRAC/CCAMP0723/BIG-13/18]
DST [DST/TM/WTI/WIC/2K17/124]

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Abstract

Nanotechnology has greatly contributed to the treatment of contaminated water through the development of nano-adsorbents, and the demand for such adsorbents in the water industry has increased rapidly. Different techniques for the regeneration of adsorbents have been developed, and factors such as pH, temperature, and time should be considered for efficient regeneration. Regeneration can enhance the application cycles and contribute to ecological balance and environmental safety.

Nanotechnology has immensely contributed for the treatment of contaminated water with the development of nano-adsorbents. In last few years, the demand of nano-adsorbents in the water industry has grown rapidly. Therefore, regeneration of utilized adsorbents has become a foremost issue as they are often hazardous. Different techniques for regeneration of adsorbents have been developed such as thermal, steam, chemical, microwave-assisted, electrochemical, and bio-regeneration. For this, different parameters and factors should be taken into account for efficient adsorbents regeneration such as pH, temperature and time. These applied regeneration strategies play a major role in the improvement of adsorbent's lifetime, adsorption cycles and replacement rate. Moreover, recovery of precious metals can only be possible by desorption of the metals adsorbed through suitable regeneration techniques. Thus, regeneration can contribute towards the balance of ecology and environmental safety by enhancing the application cycles. This comprehensive review is an attempt to help the scientific community working on adsorption studies to take up research initiatives required to address the feasible recovery methods of adsorbed materials from the used adsorbents, to study the possible reuse of the desorbing agents, and to choose a suitable desorbing/regenerating agent for a particular application. (c) 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Why reuse spent adsorbents? The latest challenges and limitations

Despina A. Gkika, Athanasios C. Mitropoulos, George Z. Kyzas

Summary: Despite the inconsistent data representation in various published reviews, this review emphasizes the importance of desorption and regeneration compared to the adsorption stage. Different adsorbents, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon compounds, clays, and polymer adsorbents, are categorized and studied for their desorption and regeneration abilities. The pH, dose, concentration, adsorption ability, and cost of the adsorbents are examined for further analysis. The study also evaluates the recovery efficiency and reuse potential of the adsorbents through the desorption process. The highest adsorption capacity is observed in graphene-based and activated carbon materials, while carbon nanotubes and polymer-based adsorbents show lower and varying adsorption capacities.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)