Article
Ecology
Hannah E. A. Macgregor, Christos C. Ioannou
Summary: Human activities leading to turbidity can disrupt the visual behaviors of aquatic organisms, but shoals of sticklebacks are usually resilient to these effects, with occasional loss of group cohesion during unstable periods.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Joanna R. Attwell, Christos C. Ioannou, Chris R. Reid, James E. Herbert-Read
Summary: The study found that fish avoid environments with increased visual noise and achieved this by increasing activity, thereby mitigating the impact of visual noise on their perceptual abilities. In environments with higher visual noise, fish were less likely to respond to virtual prey, but did not increase or decrease their use of refuges.
AMERICAN NATURALIST
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tomas Makaras, Milda Stankeviciute
Summary: The study investigated the swimming behavior of two ecologically similar stickleback species exposed to short-term metal mixture exposure, showing differences in their sensitivity to the effects of metal-based water pollution. The study highlighted the importance of considering species-specific differences in behavioral responses when using sticklebacks for aquatic biomonitoring and environmental risk assessments.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kevin M. Neumann, Alison M. Bell
Summary: Social network analysis was used to study the social behavior differences between two ecotypes of stickleback fish. The study found that the white ecotype was bolder and more active as juveniles, and the social network structure of the two ecotypes also differed. These findings highlight the importance of social network analysis in understanding population divergence and reproductive isolation.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jan Baer, Sarah Maria Gugele, Joachim Bretzel, J. Tyrell DeWeber, Alexander Brinker
Summary: The study found that under controlled conditions, three-spined sticklebacks can ingest a large number of whitefish eggs under any light conditions and eggs can still be unambiguously identified 24 hours after ingestion. Whitefish eggs have 28% more energy content compared to the main diet of sticklebacks (zooplankton), highlighting the potential benefits of consuming eggs for sticklebacks. It is possible that even if relatively few sticklebacks consume eggs, they could potentially consume substantial proportions of the total eggs produced.
Article
Biology
Juliane Lukas, Jens Krause, Arabella Sophie Traeger, Jonas Marc Piotrowski, Pawel Romanczuk, Henning Sprekeler, Lenin Arias-Rodriguez, Stefan Krause, Christopher Schutz, David Bierbach
Summary: Collective behaviour in multi-species fish shoals can provide antipredator benefits. The presence of multiple species offers an opportunity to study the evolution of collective behaviour. This study found that mixed-species fish shoals performing collective dives can generate water waves that reduce predator attacks. The behaviour of the species in the shoal influences the overall effectiveness of wave production.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Sin-Yeon Kim, Nayade Alvarez-Quintero, Neil B. Metcalfe
Summary: The social environment in animal groups plays a crucial role in shaping individual behaviors and life histories. A mismatch between individual and group behavior patterns can have disadvantages, such as nonadaptive behaviors that increase energetic costs. This study manipulated the sociability of juvenile three-spined sticklebacks and found that unsociable groups exhibited bolder collective behaviors during feeding, while individuals in groups with similar sociability gained more mass. Mismatched sociability in a group may confer a growth disadvantage due to the expression of nonadaptive behaviors.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nicolle Demandt, David Bierbach, Ralf H. J. M. Kurvers, Jens Krause, Joachim Kurtz, Joern P. Scharsack
Summary: The presence of parasite-infected individuals can negatively impact a group's shoaling behavior, potentially deteriorating collective decision-making and reducing the anti-predator benefits of group living. This study highlights the importance of infection rates within a group and the influence infected individuals can have on the behavior of uninfected group members.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Magnus Fjord Aaser, Soren Krabbe Staahltoft, Andreas Hein Korsgaard, Adam Trige-Esbensen, Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup, Christian Sonne, Cino Pertoldi, Dan Bruhn, John Frikke, Anne Cathrine Linder
Summary: This study assesses the effectiveness of virtual fencing in controlling the movements of Angus cows without compromising their welfare. The results show that virtual fencing successfully keeps the cows within the designated area and they learn to respond to auditory cues. The study also finds that individual differences and herd structure should be considered when implementing virtual fencing.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alexander D. M. Wilson, Timothy M. Schaerf, Ashley J. W. Ward
Summary: The ability to adapt behavior according to context is crucial for organisms' success. In this study, it was found that mosquitofish can adapt their behavior according to different elements of predator threat. As risk increased, fish decreased movements, swimming speed, and distances to nearest neighbors. The movement predictability also decreased in higher risk areas. Increased risk also shaped the local interactions among fish.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
S. Biswas, D. Pal, G. S. Mahapatra
Summary: In this paper, a prey-predator system considering Allee effect, herd behaviour, and harvesting is introduced. It is found that herd behaviour acts as a buffer against environmental obstacles, while Allee effect and harvesting together may cause population decline. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an optimal harvesting policy for the concerned ecosystem.
Article
Mathematics
Jie Xia, Xianyi Li
Summary: In this paper, a discrete model is constructed from a continuous predator-prey model with herd behavior and group defense using the semi-discretization method. The center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory are used to derive new results for the transcritical bifurcation, period-doubling bifurcation, and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. The novelty lies in the smooth transition from individual behavior to herd behavior. The results not only provide simpler forms for the existence conditions of these bifurcations, but also clearly present the conditions for the direction and stability of the bifurcated closed orbits. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the existence of the derived Neimark-Sacker bifurcation.
ELECTRONIC RESEARCH ARCHIVE
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Wenbin Yang, Danqing Li
Summary: This paper investigates a prey-predator system involving herd behaviour and strong Allee effect. The study analyzes the local stability of all possible equilibrium points and explores the existence of Hopf bifurcation around the unique positive equilibrium. Finally, a numerical simulation is conducted to understand the dynamics of the system. The research reveals the significant role of the 'Allee effect constant' in biological invasion mechanisms.
SYSTEMS SCIENCE & CONTROL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biology
Poppy J. Lambert, Alexandra Stiegler, Theresa Roessler, Megan L. Lambert, Alice M. Auersperg
Summary: Paying attention to weight is important when determining the efficacy or value of objects. Birds can quickly learn to discriminate between objects based on weight, even faster than primates, although methodological differences between tasks should be considered.