Article
Energy & Fuels
Yong Ren Tan, Maurin Salamanca, Laura Pascazio, Jethro Akroyd, Markus Kraft
Summary: This study investigates the impact of PODE3 on soot formation in ethylene/PODE3 flames, finding that at low blending levels, PODE3 may actually increase soot formation. Results suggest that sufficient amounts of PODE3 can reduce soot formation, specifically in C2 chemistry systems.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alvaro Ferre, Denis Worch, Johannes Voggenreiter, Udo Lubenau, Jakob Burger
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of water separation through pervaporation using poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (OME3-5) in water-tolerant OME3-5 production processes. The results showed that SiO2 membrane exhibited good selectivity and stability towards water, demonstrating the fundamental feasibility of this method.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gaojun An, Yangfeng Xia, Zhenzhen Xue, Hongyan Shang, Sainan Cui, Changbo Lu
Summary: In this study, a novel oxygenated fuel PODBEn was designed and synthesized. The experimental results showed that PODBEn had high cetane number, moderate density, and low condensation point. The theoretical calculations provided insights into the key steps and mechanism of the synthesis process.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andreas Billion, Jonas Schulte, Andreas Vogel, Felix Hilfinger, Ingo Krossing
Summary: A novel continuous route for synthesizing oxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEn) by the reaction of molecular formaldehyde and dimethyl ether is presented. Acidic, porous, and thermally stable zeolites proved to be effective catalysts for this reaction. The results contribute to a better understanding of the complex reaction network in the OMEn synthesis and provide important insights for establishing an energy efficient and sustainable OMEn production process.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Johannes Voggenreiter, Jakob Burger
Summary: Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers are gaining interest as potential diesel fuels, with side products playing a crucial role in their synthesis. Experimental data and a kinetic model extension shed light on the formation of side products.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael H. H. Fechter, Philip Haspel, Christian Hasse, Andreas S. Braeuer
Summary: The Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers (OME3 and OME4) were pressurized and passed into a fused silica microcapillary to determine their vapor pressure and heat of vaporization. The experimental method was validated and showed good agreement with literature data. The results indicate the accuracy of the experimental data.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Ren Tan, Maurin Salamanca, Jiaru Bai, Jethro Akroyd, Markus Kraft
Summary: This study investigates the impact of the structure of three C3 oxygenated fuels on soot formation in laminar coflow diffusion flames when blended with ethylene. It was found that different oxygenated fuels have different effects on the soot volume fraction (f(v)), with IPA causing a significant increase, while DMM and DMC showed initial increases followed by decreases in f(v) as the proportion of oxygenated fuel increased.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Guilin Liu, Feng Xin, Chen Cao, Xubin Zhang, Qian Lei, Honglin Chen, Hailun Ren
Summary: Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (PODEn=3-5) were synthesized under the catalysis of zeolite BETA and kinetically studied. The research showed that the maximal selectivity of TOX to PODE3-5 was achieved under anhydrous conditions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Christian F. Breitkreuz, Nicole Hevert, Niklas Schmitz, Jakob Burger, Hans Hasse
Summary: Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (OME) are potential synthetic fuels that can replace fossil diesel fuel. However, there is still a lack of physicochemical information on essential steps in OME production. This study focuses on the formation of methylal (MAL) from dimethyl ether (DME) and formaldehyde, and found that it is a slow equilibrium reaction with a large equilibrium constant.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dominik Goeb, Marco Davidovic, Liming Cai, Pankaj Pancharia, Mathis Bode, Sascha Jacobs, Joachim Beeckmann, Werner Willems, Karl Alexander Heufer, Heinz Pitsch
Summary: This study investigates the ignition process and soot formation of e-fuels, finding that the fuel blend ignites similarly to n-dodecane and the oxygen content in the fuel leads to a reduction in common soot precursors in the gas phase. The ignition behavior of OME 1 is rooted in its high stoichiometric mixture fraction, while the fuel blend ignition process is dominated by its n-dodecane fraction up to 60 mol%.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Lei Xu, Yu Wang, Dong Liu
Summary: This review summarizes recent laboratory studies on the sooting characteristics of oxygenated fuels. It provides an overview of the latest understanding of soot formation mechanisms and discusses the effects of different oxygenated fuels on soot formation in conventional hydrocarbon combustion. The review emphasizes the chemical cross-linking effects and variations in soot morphology, nanostructure, and reactivity induced by oxygenated additives. It also highlights the potential implications of laboratory-scale results for understanding and predicting sooting behavior at the engine level.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Marius Drexler, Philipp Haltenort, Ulrich Arnold, Joerg Sauer
Summary: Oxymethylene ethers (OME) are a promising alternative to fossil diesel fuel due to their significantly reduced emissions. An anhydrous, liquid phase production process using dimethyl ether (DME) has been developed, offering high selectivity and economic advantages. Catalyst screening and continuous production have provided insights into catalyst properties and kinetics, contributing to a better understanding of OME formation.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Robert Schmitz, Carmela Russo, Federica Ferraro, Barbara Apicella, Christian Hasse, Mariano Sirignano
Summary: This study compared the particle formation and growth characteristics in flames fueled with pure ethylene and ethylene/OME2-4 mixtures. The results indicated that OME2-4 particles exhibited higher reactivity and oxygen content, with similar particle size distribution shapes observed in both experimental measurements and numerical modeling.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marius Drexler, Philipp Haltenort, Thomas A. Zevaco, Ulrich Arnold, Joerg Sauer
Summary: Oxymethylene ethers (OMEs) are intensively researched, especially those of the CH3O(CH2O)(n)CH3 type. Oxymethylene dialkyl ethers (OMDAEs) have been studied to a lesser extent but exhibit properties similar to conventional diesel fuels. Tools for predicting properties have been developed based on experimental data.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Florence Cameron, Yihua Ren, Sanket Girhe, Maximilian Hellmuth, Albrecht Kreischer, Qian Mao, Heinz Pitsch
Summary: Oxygenated fuels, such as DMC and MeFo, have the potential to be used as gasoline substitutes to store renewable energy. However, the impact of fuel blending on soot formation is not well understood. This study investigated the soot formation in ethylene-based and acetylene-based fuels blended with DMC and MeFo in laminar counterflow diffusion flames. The results showed that blending DMC enhanced soot formation in ethylene-based flames, while blending MeFo reduced soot production. The findings were supported by a reaction pathway analysis based on chemical kinetic modeling.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.