Article
Engineering, Chemical
Massimiliano Zanin, Eddie Chan, William Skinner
Summary: This study presents a practical model for predicting the fluidised bed porosity and apparent density of the HydroFloatTM as the teeter water velocity is varied. The model can be used to calculate the optimum settings to achieve the desired fluidised-bed porosity for different ores. The model is validated with good predictive capabilities on two different copper ores.
Article
Polymer Science
Jhon Chique, Lina Uribe, Marek Pawlik, Andres Ramirez, Leopoldo Gutierrez
Summary: The foaming properties of three lignosulfonate samples were investigated in this study by measuring surface tension, foamability, bubble size distributions, and water recovery. It was found that all lignosulfonates showed surface activity that decreased with pH and was related to anionicity and molecular weight. The NaLS lignosulfonate displayed the highest dynamic foamability index (DFI) value, and the KLS and NaLS samples had the strongest effect on bubble size and water recovery.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Panwu Li, Ming Zhang, Wei Yao, Zeping Xu, Rong Fan
Summary: An effective method using water containing positively charged nanobubbles and polyaluminum chloride was proposed to treat high-ash fine coal. The results showed that this method could enhance combustible recovery and reduce ash recovery compared to using normal nanobubble water. The presence of positively charged nanobubbles intensified the aggregation of fine coal particles, while polyaluminum chloride disrupted the coal flocs induced by nanobubbles, leading to the release of trapped kaolinite particles and alleviated clay recovery by entrapment.
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Tawona Martin Jera, Clayton Bhondayi
Summary: Mineral flotation is an important recovery route for processing lower-grade ores, but the froth product often has a lower grade due to the presence of gangue minerals. Froth washing mechanisms have been introduced in the industry to reduce the amount of gangue minerals in the final concentrate. This article reviews different froth-washing systems and discusses their advantages, disadvantages, and industrial uptake. It also highlights the impact of wash-water parameters on froth stability and mobility.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dzmitry Pashkevich, Ronghao Li, Ozan Kokkilic, Kristian Edmund Waters
Summary: Temperature variations can have significant impacts on flotation performance, leading to operational and economic challenges. Improving flotation efficiency at cold temperatures is crucial for the sustainable development of the mining industry, especially as mining operations expand to northern regions and face the increasing influence of climate change-induced weather extremes. Through mono-mineral flotation tests, it was found that sulfide minerals exhibit similar patterns of recovery kinetics at different temperature conditions, with higher recovery and slower kinetics at lower temperatures and lower recoveries and faster kinetics at higher temperatures. The observed variations in foam height and stability at different temperatures also contribute to these findings.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Han Guo, Lulu Huang, Xinyu Liu, Lei Wang, Yangchao Xia, Yijun Cao, Xiahui Gui, Yaowen Xing
Summary: The effect of mass proportions of fine slime on the flotation performance of coal was investigated in this study. It was found that the presence of fine slime had a negative effect on flotation, resulting in lower yield and kinetics, as well as increased ash content. This was mainly attributed to slime coating and water entrainment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ming Zhang, Panwu Li, Wei Yao, Zeping Xu, Rong Fan
Summary: This study investigated the flotation of kaolinite using water, water containing pure nanobubbles (NBs), or water containing amine coated NBs (CNBs). The micro-flotation results showed that kaolinite had the best flotation performance when water containing CNBs was used. Rheology, settling, zeta potential tests, and particle size distribution analysis were conducted to examine the effect of NBs on the association of kaolinite particles and their correlation with flotation. The results indicated intensified attachment of CNBs on the surfaces of kaolinite and the predominance of edge-to-edge and edge-to-face associations of kaolinite platelets in the presence of CNBs. The formation of three-dimensional clay clusters induced by CNBs exposed more favorable silica planes of kaolinite and improved the flotation of kaolinite through the subsequent adsorption of amine on these planes.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
M. Safari, F. S. Hoseinian, D. Deglon, L. Leal Filho, T. C. Souza Pinto
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of operational parameters on the reverse flotation of iron ore using a pneumatic flotation cell. The study concludes that collector and depressant dosage, superficial gas velocity, solids concentration, and feed rate all have significant effects on quartz recovery and hematite loss. The study suggests operating the flotation cell at low superficial gas velocities and solids concentrations, but further research is needed at larger scales to confirm these findings.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yangshuai Qiu, Zhenfei Mao, Kangkang Sun, Lingyan Zhang, Yupeng Qian, Tao Lei, Wenbo Liang, Yaxin An
Summary: This study investigated the effects of particle size, pulp density, and flotation reagent on the entrainment of mica and quartz in natural graphite flotation, and found that kerosene is more effective in reducing gangue entrainment compared to diesel.
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Saeed Farrokhpay, Lev Filippov, Daniel Fornasiero
Summary: Flotation of fine particles poses challenges due to their large surface area and low collision efficiency with bubbles. Strategies to address this issue include increasing particle size, reducing bubble size, and utilizing reactor-separator type flotation cells for stronger particle-bubble interaction. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies.
MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Sayed Janishar Anzoom, Ghislain Bournival, Seher Ata
Summary: This review discusses the benefits and challenges of coarse particle flotation, as well as recent developments in improving the process. Coarse particle flotation has various applications and offers advantages in technical, economic, and sustainability aspects. However, it also faces challenges such as particle detachment, transfer between phases, and persistence in the froth phase. Technological advancements, such as fluidized-bed flotation and processes enhancing bubble-particle attachment, have shown promising results in efficiently recovering larger particles.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Johanna Sygusch, Nora Stefenelli, Martin Rudolph
Summary: Facing challenges of finer and more complex particles, froth flotation efficiency decreases in the separation process. A newly designed lab flotation apparatus combines advantages of agitator-type froth flotation and column flotation for high turbulence and a deep froth zone. The apparatus enables the study of different particle property vectors and their impact on the separation process. Using ultrafine particles as a model system, the influence of particle shape and wettability on the separation process was studied. The findings contribute to ultrafine flotation techniques and understanding the complex effect of particle shape in combination with other property vectors.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ramon Arellano-Pina, Elvia Angelica Sanchez-Ramirez, E. Emmanuel Vazquez-Sanchez, Roberto Perez-Garibay, Jaime Cristobal Rojas-Montes
Summary: This study proposes a method to improve low gold recovery by making relevant changes in a grinding and flash flotation circuit, which are validated through optical ore characterization, mathematical modeling, and steady state process simulation. The installation of a regrinding mill with recirculation to a flash cell in the redesigned circuit significantly increased gold recovery.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ana Luiza Coelho Braga de Carvalho, Victor Albuquerque de Carvalho, Rosie Blannin, Alexandra Gomez Escobar, Max Frenzel, Martin Rudolph, Andre Carlos Silva, Daniel Goldmann
Summary: The mining industry generates a large amount of tailings each year, which are mostly stored in tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Managing and storing such large volumes of material present challenges in terms of dam stability and controlling hazardous contaminants. In addition, valuable metals can be lost in the tailings, making them potential sources of secondary raw materials. This study investigates the flotation of pyrite-rich tailings to recover sulfide minerals, and suggests potential uses for the resulting low sulfur tailings.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Daowei Wang, Qi Liu
Summary: The variables of hydrodynamics are crucial in determining the efficiency of froth flotation processes, especially for fine and ultrafine particles. Optimizing hydrodynamic conditions can enhance flotation efficiency. There is a significant importance of hydrodynamics optimization in future research for improving fines flotation processes.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Diling Yang, Lei Xie, Xiaohui Mao, Lu Gong, Xuwen Peng, Qiongyao Peng, Tao Wang, Qi Liu, Hongbo Zeng, Hao Zhang
Summary: The study found that the hydrophobic interaction of low molecular weight polystyrene with air bubbles or oil droplets is slightly weaker, and the interaction in aqueous solutions with alcohol additives is weaker than in pure aqueous solutions. The addition of surface-active species in the medium can suppress the attachment of hydrophobic polymers to air bubbles or oil droplets.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fen Jiao, Yanfang Cui, Daowei Wang, Chenqiang Hu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the combination of humic substance and hydrogen peroxide can effectively replace highly toxic dichromate in the flotation separation of copper-lead sulfide, achieving a lead concentrate comparable to conventional method. Surface wettability and chemical adsorption on galena surface are largely enhanced by the treatment with hydrogen peroxide, which accelerates dissolution of galena lattice and promotes the adsorption of NaHA on the galena surface.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mingxia Liu, Hong Yu, Hanquan Zhang, Kaipeng Wang, Xiaoli Tan, Qi Liu
Summary: A controlled study was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of collectors on the flotation ability of niobium oxide minerals with various particle sizes. The study found that hydroxamate-based collectors outperformed carboxylate-based collectors in floating both coarse and fine pyrochlore, indicating the importance of a strong affinity hydrophilic group for effective fine particle flotation. Furthermore, the study revealed that the longer hydrocarbon chain of the collector benefited the flotation recovery of relatively coarse particles.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dong Wang, Hongbiao Tao, Kaipeng Wang, Xiaoli Tan, Qi Liu
Summary: The dewatering of oil sands tailings is a challenging problem in the industry. This study investigates the filterability of different minerals and identifies swelling clays as the main reason for the poor filtration of oil sands tailings. Even small amounts of swelling clays significantly affect the filtration performance of other minerals.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaohui Mao, Ziqian Zhao, Diling Yang, Chenyu Qiao, Jinglin Tan, Qi Liu, Tian Tang, Hao Zhang, Hongbo Zeng
Summary: Oil contaminations pose challenges in various engineering and environmental fields. This study demonstrates the use of a small silane molecule (MD(SH)M) to functionalize fiber-based substrates for efficient oil decontamination processes. The functionalized substrates show excellent oil-water separation, absorption, and demulsification properties. The underlying interaction mechanisms are attributed to hydrophobic interactions.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qimeng Yang, Jae Bem You, Boran Tian, Shaofeng Sun, Dan Daniel, Qi Liu, Xuehua Zhang
Summary: This study focused on the adhesion of frozen oil sands to mining equipment and demonstrated the influence of water content and temperature on adhesion strength. A method involving spraying anti-freezing liquid was proposed to reduce adhesion strength.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Daowei Wang, Dong Wang, Chao Deng, Kaipeng Wang, Xiaoli Tan, Qi Liu
Summary: The flocculation behaviors of quartz using a dual polymer system containing tannic acid (TAN) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) were studied. It was found that the addition of tannic acid significantly enhanced the flocculation efficiency of PEO for quartz. The optimal ratio of tannic acid to PEO was observed to be 2, resulting in the best flocculation of quartz. Tannic acid also increased the strength and shear resistance of the flocs formed by PEO. Additionally, the dual polymer system enabled the re-flocculation of quartz under cycled shear conditions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tao Shui, Mingfei Pan, An Li, Hongbing Fan, Jianping Wu, Qi Liu, Hongbo Zeng
Summary: This study develops an innovative strategy to improve the long-term stability of hydrogels by incorporating mussel foot protein-inspired dynamic amine-catechol interactions. The resulting hydrogel exhibits superior isotropic tensile strength, ultratoughness, and resilience, surpassing most reported biocompatible hydrogels. Additionally, the hydrogel demonstrates diverse functionalities such as underwater adhesion and conductivity.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liang Cao, Qi Liu, Yongjun Peng
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether the two widely used frothers, MIBC and DF250, could generate microbubbles (MBs) in a mechanical flotation cell. The results showed that both MIBC and DF250 could generate MBs, with DF250 producing more and smaller MBs. The generation of MBs by MIBC and DF250 was primarily controlled by their ability to reduce surface tension. The different behaviors of MIBC and DF250 were attributed to their unique structures, with DF250 having a stronger ability to assist with the generation of MBs.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaohui Mao, Feifei Wang, Baoshan Lu, Tian Tang, Qi Liu, Hongbo Zeng
Summary: In this study, a novel polymer nanoparticle PBM@PDM was synthesized and used as a demulsifier for stable water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. PBM@PDM could immediately induce coalescence of water droplets and effectively release water in W/O emulsion. It also successfully destabilized O/W emulsion stabilized by asphaltenes.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Dong Wang, Daowei Wang, Xiaoli Tan, Anthony Yeung, Qi Liu
Summary: The efficient dewatering of fluid fine tailings generated from warm-water extraction of Canadian oil sands is a major challenge that has limited the timely reclamation of the tailings. Both chemical amendments and physical/mechanical solid-liquid separation treatments are required to speed up the dewatering process. Efforts to enhance the rate of solid-liquid separation have had limited success, highlighting the need for a better fundamental understanding of the process. This review analyzes the factors contributing to the difficult dewatering of fluid fine tailings and suggests directions to accelerate the process.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qiuyi Lu, Zhoujie Wang, Jingyi Wang, Lei Xie, Qi Liu, Hongbo Zeng
Summary: Humic acid can form metal-HA complexes with a variety of divalent cations, and the interaction mechanism between them was studied at the nanoscale. The presence of Ca2+ enhances the aggregation and adhesion of HA, while excessive Ca2+ suppresses these behaviors. Cu2+ shows the highest adhesion energy due to its synergistic bonding with both oxygen and amine sites of HA.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Diling Yang, Ziqian Zhao, Lu Gong, Yongxiang Sun, Xuwen Peng, Qiongyao Peng, Tao Wang, Qi Liu, Hao Zhang, Hongbo Zeng
Summary: Research shows that the surface interactions between bubbles, oil, and interface-active species like asphaltenes have a significant impact on various engineering processes. Experimental studies have quantified the surface forces in different aqueous solutions and examined the effects of variables such as asphaltenes concentration, pH, salinity, Ca2+ ions, and surfactants.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liang Cao, Yongjun Peng, Qi Liu
Summary: The interactions between NaCl and flotation frothers were studied, revealing a synergistic effect at low frother concentrations but an antagonistic effect at high concentrations. This effect can be explained by the possible interactions between NaCl and interfacial water molecules and frothers, as well as the compression effect of NaCl on the electrical double layers of air bubbles.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Daowei Wang, Dong Wang, Kaipeng Wang, Qi Liu
Summary: In this study, flocculation flotation of ultrafine hematite and quartz was conducted using a laboratory-scale flotation column. It was found that the TAN-PEO dual polymer system effectively reduced quartz entrainment and improved the flotation kinetics and recovery of hematite by OHA. The results showed that the reduction in quartz entrainment was influenced by the intensity of agitation. Additionally, a correlation was established between the mean floc size and the reduction in quartz entrainment.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Benjamin De Castro, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Soumali Roychowdhury, Aurelie Chopard, Francis Quintal Lauzon, Benoit Plante
Summary: This study proposes an innovative method using deep learning algorithm and reflected light optical imaging to automatically detect all particles and minerals in acrylic resin polished sections. The experimental results show that this method can accurately detect all mineral particles, including transparent minerals, under reflected light optical microscopy, and provide unbiased mineralogical quantification.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qiushi Song, Xinyu Du, Changlu Shan, Hongwei Xie, Zhiqiang Ning, Kai Yu
Summary: This study investigated the effect of magnetic stirring on the microstructure of Co deposits during electrowinning in a chloride solution. It was found that magnetic stirring effectively reduced the negative influence of H2 bubbles on the structure of Co deposits and changed their nucleation and growth behavior, resulting in the preparation of high-quality columnar Co crystals.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tao Ge, Xiaowei Zhou, Liang Xu, Yan Sun, Cheng Yang, Yongpan Tian, Zhuo Zhao
Summary: In this study, the extraction performance and complexation mechanism of p-di-ethyl-amino-methylthiacalix[4]arene (L) towards Pt(IV) were investigated. The results indicated that L had excellent complexation ability towards Pt(IV) and could selectively extract it from a solution containing multiple competing ions.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuan Li, Dirk van Zyl
Summary: This paper presents a modified Kynch's approach to explain the hindered settling behavior of suspensions impacted by segregation. The experimental data and predicted results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yi Fang, Aurora Robledo-Cabrera, Changsheng Peng, Shan Huang, Qi Xiao, Alejandro Lopez-Valdivieso
Summary: With the assistance of mechanical ball milling, the partially oxidized micro-sponge iron (micro-Fe0@Fe2O3) achieves significantly improved removal of Cr(VI) across a broad pH range. Mechanical force eliminates the surface oxide layer and exposes the Fe0 core, leading to sustained reduction of Cr(VI). The efficiency of micro-Fe0@Fe2O3 is strongly influenced by dissolved oxygen, with higher DO resulting in the generation of stable reductant Fe(II) under acidic conditions, while DO consumption hinders the reduction of Cr(VI) under alkaline conditions due to increased pH. Parameters of ball milling operation, especially rotation speed, have a significant impact on the removal of Cr(VI).
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alton F. Grabsch, Phillip D. Fawell, Michael G. Davies
Summary: High molecular weight partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (PHPA) is commonly used in mineral exploration drilling to increase fluid viscosity and help maintain the suspension of fine particles. However, clarifying these suspensions can be difficult, and previous studies have found that anionic flocculants are ineffective. This study confirmed that nonionic flocculants can successfully aggregate the particles, indicating that the charged tails of adsorbed PHPA prevent anionic flocculants from accessing the particle surfaces.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
J. S. Guiral-Vega, L. Perez-Barnuevo, J. Bouchard, A. Ure, E. Poulin, C. Du Breuil
Summary: This paper introduces an approach that combines particle properties and process modeling to describe the behavior of iron ore in a laboratory-scale drum-type magnetic separator. Early information on iron ore processing behavior can be obtained through laboratory testing, automated mineralogy analysis, and process modeling.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Sayed Janishar Anzoom, Ghislain Bournival, Seher Ata
Summary: This review discusses the benefits and challenges of coarse particle flotation, as well as recent developments in improving the process. Coarse particle flotation has various applications and offers advantages in technical, economic, and sustainability aspects. However, it also faces challenges such as particle detachment, transfer between phases, and persistence in the froth phase. Technological advancements, such as fluidized-bed flotation and processes enhancing bubble-particle attachment, have shown promising results in efficiently recovering larger particles.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yimei Xiao, Jinchan Feng, Bingqiao Yang, Huihua Luo, Fang Zhou
Summary: In this study, the use of fulvic acid as a depressant for the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from arsenopyrite was investigated. It was found that fulvic acid strongly depressed arsenopyrite while having little influence on chalcopyrite flotation. The addition of calcium hypochlorite facilitated the adsorption of fulvic acid on arsenopyrite surface.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bo Hao, Minqiang Fan
Summary: Particle-bubble attachment is crucial in coal and mineral flotation processes. In this study, the attachment process of low-rank coal particles to the bubble surface was simulated, revealing the important role of water film rupture in particle attachment.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuwei Wu, Shuai Wang, Guoqiang Wang, Longfei Fan, Jianbo Guo, Zhengbin Liu, Haoyan Zhang, Wei Guan, Yukuan Wang, Yewei Wu
Summary: This study analyzes the motion mode of eccentric roller crushers and proposes a calculation method for productivity. Through laboratory experiments, the results indicate that the proposed method can effectively estimate the productivity of eccentric roll crushers.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hanna Miettinen, Malin Bomberg, Ozlem Bicak, Zafir Ekmekci, Paivi Kinnunen
Summary: Mineral processing requires large amounts of water, and reducing water consumption through recirculation and closing water loops is important. However, this can lead to the accumulation of contaminants in the process water, which can negatively affect the process performance. In this study, the impact of microorganisms on flotation performance was investigated, and ion exchange was evaluated for removing dissolved sulfur species and microorganisms from water. The results showed that adding microorganisms had a positive effect on flotation selectivity, especially for nickel. Different water types, process water and final tailings water, behaved slightly differently. Ion exchange proved to be effective in removing sulfur species and microorganisms, and dissolved air flotation was a successful pretreatment for ion exchange in removing microorganisms.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Canneng Chen, Song Zhang, Quanjun Liu, Luzheng Chen, Yongjun Xian, Yijie Wang
Summary: This study introduces the use of ultrasonic pretreatment to enhance the flotation separation of elemental sulfur and silver-bearing lead minerals from ultrafine residue. The results show that ultrasonic pretreatment effectively liberates associated sulfur and improves the separation of sulfur and silver-bearing lead minerals. Under optimized conditions, ultrasonic pretreatment significantly improves the recovery and grade of sulfur in the concentrate, as well as the recovery of lead and silver in the tailings.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Genzhuang Li, Fisher Wang, Bern Klein, Michael Deal, Aaron Wright, Hector Mezquita
Summary: This paper presents a stress-based approach for predicting and improving large-scale HIG mill performance through experimental testing and model calibration.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Runpeng Liao, Shuming Wen, Jian Liu, Shaojun Bai, Qicheng Feng
Summary: This study demonstrates that the use of a DDA/DDTC mixed collector system can significantly improve the flotation performance of smithsonite. The synergistic effect between DDA and DDTC is confirmed, and the mixed collector system contributes to a decrease in solution surface tension. The use of FT-IR and XPS confirms the simultaneous physisorption and chemisorption of DDA and DDTC on the smithsonite surface, and contact angle measurements show that the mixed collector effectively enhances the hydrophobicity of smithsonite. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the multilayer adsorption of DDTC and DDA on the smithsonite surface, with DDTC promoting the adsorption of DDA.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
