Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guangmei Ji, Huizhe Chen, Yuping Zhang, Jing Xiang, Yaliang Wang, Zhigang Wang, Defeng Zhu, Yikai Zhang
Summary: The study showed that the leaf surface characteristics of hairy-leaved rice and glabrous rice significantly impacted the behavior of canopy droplets. Hairy-leaved rice retained more large-sized droplets, while glabrous rice retained more small-sized droplets.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Wanting Yang, Weidong Jia, Mingxiong Ou, Wei Zhong, Li Jiang, Xiaowen Wang
Summary: This study investigated the different morphological characteristics between emulsions and water during atomisation at different pressures, analysed the effect of liquid sheet structure on droplet size distribution, and found a correlation between the intensity of liquid sheet disturbance and droplet size distribution.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jose Serrano, Nicolas Ratkovich, Felipe Munoz, Olivier Dufaud
Summary: This article examines the impact of test procedures on the explosion severity of six aluminum samples with primary particle diameters ranging from 0.04 to 125 µm. The study finds that the test procedure has different effects on micron-sized aluminum dust and nanoparticles, with the presence of agglomerates significantly affecting the test results.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Ingrid Zwertvaegher, Aude Lamare, Jean-Paul Douzals, Paolo Balsari, Paolo Marucco, Marco Grella, Amedeo Caffini, Nikos Mylonas, Donald Dekeyser, Dieter Foque, David Nuyttens
Summary: This study selects the optimal nozzle type, spacing, and height for bed spray applications, aiming to reduce pesticide losses through laboratory testing and measurements.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Ludovic Lamoot, Brady Manescau, Khaled Chetehouna, Nicolas Gascoin
Summary: Researchers and engineers are working on improving combustion efficiency in heat engines used in industries like automotive, aeronautics, and aerospace by reducing gases such as CO, NOx, and SOx, while also addressing the formation of cavitation due to high-speed fuel supply systems. Studies have shown that optimizing injector geometry and using biofuels can help decrease the effects of cavitation and improve combustion processes. Further research is needed to characterize the impact of cavitation on combustion and explore biofuels as a way to transition energy sources.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
L. Alonso, M. A. Garrido, P. Poza
Summary: Currently, cold spray is widely used in coating applications due to its low temperature deposition process, which is suitable for additive manufacturing activities. The reliability of the coatings depends on the velocity of the powder during impact, which is controlled by spraying conditions and nozzle geometry. This study proposes an alternative model based on the one-dimensional isentropic theory to optimize the divergent part of the nozzle. The model integrates the equation of motion of the particle and maximizes the particle drag force. The analysis reveals optimal geometric parameters and the inverse proportional relationship between stagnation pressure and temperature.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hua Xia, Hongbing Ding, Hongbing Ding, Hongbing Ding, Hongbing Ding
Summary: Increasing injection pressure can decrease nozzle flow performance, increase spray tip penetration, but has minimal effect on spray cone angle.
Article
Agronomy
Shougen Li, Chongchong Chen, Yaxiong Wang, Feng Kang, Wenbin Li
Summary: This study analyzed the influence of spray parameters and spatial position in the flow field on the atomization characteristics of flat fan nozzles, and established droplet size and velocity models. The results showed a positive correlation between droplet size and equivalent orifice diameter of the nozzles at constant spray pressure and angle, and a negative correlation between spray angle and distance with droplet velocity. Spray distance did not affect droplet size at constant spray pressure. Additionally, spray angle greatly affected droplet velocity along the X-axis, and spray parameters, especially spray angle, significantly influenced droplet size.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wu, Fujun Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang
Summary: Experimental study on spray characteristics of an air-assisted injector under various injection parameters and ambient conditions revealed that flash boiling significantly promotes spray atomization. Increasing fuel injection duration decreases jet velocity and penetration, suppresses droplet aerodynamic breakup, and leads to an increase in droplet size.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Nikouei, David Sedarsky
Summary: Fuel injection in diesel engines has a significant impact on combustion, making the study of diesel spray characteristics crucial for controlling and enhancing diesel combustion. This research investigates the near-nozzle spray kinematics for specific nozzle geometries under different injection pressures, aiming to observe the influence of asymmetrical orifice inlets on spray dynamics and their sensitivity to injection pressure. The results show that two-hole nozzles initially generate slower sprays compared to single-hole nozzles, but the velocity differences become less significant as the sprays reach a quasi-steady state. Additionally, instabilities cause significant velocity alterations at the beginning of injection, and the nominal spray axis shifts towards the sharper orifice inlet edge, affecting spray targeting. Injection pressure has minimal effect on spray profile but alters spray evolution timing and shortens the transient phase.
Review
Agronomy
Salvatore Privitera, Giuseppe Manetto, Simone Pascuzzi, Domenico Pessina, Emanuele Cerruto
Summary: Plant protection control is a complex task, and droplet size plays a significant role in deposition and pesticide effectiveness. The correct droplet size ensures the required dose reaches the target area, reduces off-target losses, and enhances operator safety. This paper critically analyzes various methods for measuring droplet size, including intrusive and non-intrusive methods, and discusses their application in machine-learning-based approaches.
Article
Mechanics
Cihan Ates, Cansu Gundogdu, Max Okraschevski, Niklas Buerkle, Rainer Koch, Hans-Joerg Bauer
Summary: The liquid atomization process relies on disturbing the liquid surface with various forces. In flow-blurring atomization, this is achieved by inducing flow instabilities near the liquid channel exit. This study analyzes the dynamics of these turbulent structures and their role in primary atomization within the flow-blurring regime.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Naoki Watanabe, Naoki Kurimoto, Kazufumi Serizawa, Mutsumi Yoshino, Scott Skeen, Lyle M. Pickett
Summary: It is found that the internal geometries of nozzles affect the characteristics of diesel spray and combustion, with orifice diameter having a significant impact. Other factors like orifice length, sac length, orifice hub-to-tip ratio and their interactions also play a role in spray combustion, although smaller than orifice diameter. Vapor penetration is a key design factor for ignition delay time, ignition distance and lift-off length.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiun Cai Ong, Kar Mun Pang, Xue-Song Bai, Mehdi Jangi, Jens Honore Walther
Summary: In this study, large-eddy simulations were used to investigate the ignition mechanisms of spray flames with different nozzle diameters at varying ambient temperatures. The simulations predicted that a mixture with Z >= 0.2 at the spray periphery is more favorable for ignition to occur. Additionally, the results showed that the difference in ignition delay time between sprays with different nozzle diameters increases as ambient temperature decreases, potentially explaining conflicting findings in the literature.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jose Luis Colon Quintana, Stefan Hiemer, Nancy Granda Duarte, Tim Osswald
Summary: Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) plays a significant role in Additive Manufacturing (AM) due to cost-effectiveness and the ability to create complex geometries. The model proposed for the melting behavior of polymer filaments in FFF processes is pivotal, with the consideration of shear-thinning behavior contributing to improved predictions of material behavior under different printing conditions.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.