Vfr or CyaB promote the expression of the pore-forming toxin exlBA operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 without increasing its virulence in mice

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a wide-spread gamma-proteobacterium that produces the biosurfactant rhamnolipid that has a great commercial value due to excellent properties of low toxicity and high biodegradability. However, this bacterium is an opportunist pathogen that constitutes an important health hazard due to its production of virulence-associated traits and its high antibiotic resistance. Thus, it is highly desirable to have a non-virulent P. aeruginosa strain for rhamnolipid production. It has been reported that strain ATCC 9027 is avirulent in mouse models of infection, and it is still able to produce rhamnolipid. Thus, it has been proposed to be suitable for it industrial production, since it encodes a defective LasR quorum sensing (QS) transcriptional regulator that is the head of this regulatory network. However, the restoration of virulence factor production by overexpression of rhiR (the gene encoding a QS-transcriptional regulator which is under the transcriptional control of LasR) is not sufficient to restore its virulence in mice. It is desirable to obtain a deeper understanding of ATCC 9027 attenuated-virulence phenotype and to assess the safety of this strain to be used at an industrial scale. In this work we determined whether increasing the expression of the pore-forming toxin encoded by the exIBA operon in strain ATCC 9027 had an impact on its virulence using Galleria mellonella and mouse models of infections. We increased the expression of the exIBA operon by overexpressing from a plasmid its transcriptional activator Vfr or of the Vfr ligand cyclic AMP produced by CyaB. We found that in G. mellonella ATCC 9027/pUCP24-vfr and ATCC 9027/pUCP24-cyaB gained a virulent phenotype, but these strains remained avirulent in murine models of P aeruginosa infection. These results reinforce the possibility of using ATCC 9027 for industrial biosurfactants production.

Automated summary

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely-distributed bacterium that produces the biosurfactant rhamnolipid, which has commercial value for its low toxicity and high biodegradability. An avirulent strain of P. aeruginosa, such as ATCC 9027, has potential for industrial production of rhamnolipid. Increasing the virulence of ATCC 9027 through the pore-forming toxin encoded by the exIBA operon may alter its interaction with hosts, yet further research is needed.