Journal
FUEL
Volume 175, Issue -, Pages 146-156Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.034
Keywords
Natural gas composition; Lean-burn; Stoichiometric; NOx; Particulates
Categories
Funding
- California Energy Commission (CEC) [500-12-009]
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The gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions from three heavy-duty natural gas vehicles, including a lean-burn bus with an oxidation catalyst and two stoichiometric Class 8 trucks with three-way catalysts were evaluated. Testing was performed on a range of three to seven different test fuels with varying Wobbe and methane numbers. The lean-burn vehicle showed general trends of higher emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and lower emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC), methane (CH4), and formaldehyde, and improved fuel economy for the fuels with low methane numbers. The stoichiometric trucks showed some trends toward lower THC, CH4, and NOx emissions with the low methane number fuels, whereas some increases in NMHC, carbon monoxide (CO), and ammonia (NH3) emissions were also observed. Results of the particle size distributions revealed bimodal size distribution profiles for all three vehicles, with a predominant nucleation mode close to 10 nm for the lean-burn bus and one of the stoichiometric trucks. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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