Article
Energy & Fuels
Marwan A. Mahmood, Selim Ceylan
Summary: This study conducted a detailed evaluation of kinetic parameters, reaction mechanisms, and product formation during pyrolysis of hazelnut shells, revealing a multistage reaction mechanism for hazelnut shell pyrolysis.
BIOENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Onyinyechi Okoligwe, Tanja Radu, Mark C. Leaper, Jonathan L. Wagner
Summary: The method combines three complementary analytical techniques to accurately estimate the quantity of key organic waste fractions in municipal solid waste residues. It is important for characterizing complex waste residues.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiaochao Zhu, Songjiang Li, Yonggang Zhang, Jian Li, Ziqiang Zhang, Yunan Sun, Shengquan Zhou, Ning Li, Beibei Yan, Guanyi Chen
Summary: Flue gas torrefaction (FGT) as a pretreatment method for municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion process can improve the fuel properties and combustion performance of MSW, while reducing emissions of pollutants.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Agapi Vasileiadou, Stamatis Zoras, Andreas Iordanidis
Summary: This study evaluated the compost-like output of Municipal Solid Waste as a potential fuel for Waste-to-Energy practices, and investigated its seasonal variation. The results showed that despite significant seasonal variation, the compost-like output can be used as a sustainable fuel with higher calorific value, lower ash production, lower sulfur oxide content, and lower carbon dioxide emissions. Co-combustion with lignite also showed a synergy effect with lower activation energy.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kabir Abogunde Abdulyekeen, Ahmad Abulfathi Umar, Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud
Summary: The rapid increase in population has led to the abundant generation of municipal solid waste, which can be converted to energy. Utilizing MSW as a renewable fuel addresses various issues and the torrefaction process is a promising method for pre treating MSW for energy generation.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Sajid, Abdul Raheem, Naeem Ullah, Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman, Nisar Ali
Summary: Sustainable waste management is a crucial issue in modern societies, and scientific research aims to develop effective waste management strategies to address health and environmental concerns. Thermal treatments, particularly gasification, offer viable solutions for municipal waste management. This review critically examines different gasification technologies, feed alternatives, catalysts, and technology adoption. Mixed feedstock management, such as combining municipal solid waste with agricultural waste, can be a practical solution, although economic considerations and waste disposal regulations play important roles in design strategy and implementation.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Atanu Kumar Das, Md. Nazrul Islam, Md. Morsaline Billah, Asim Sarker
Summary: Municipal solid waste is an inevitable by-product of human activity and the COVID-19 outbreak has posed challenges to waste management. Various countries are striving to address issues in waste management during the pandemic through safety measures and disinfectants.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marek Wesolowski, Edyta Leyk
Summary: Using multiple measurement techniques ensures reliable interpretation of sample changes during heating, eliminating uncertainty and improving data interpretation. This paper briefly characterizes thermal analysis techniques coupled with spectroscopic or chromatographic techniques. Various design solutions for coupled thermogravimetry (TG) with infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass spectrometry (MS), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems are discussed. The importance of coupled techniques in pharmaceutical technology is highlighted, as they provide insights into the behavior and degradation of medicinal substances during heating, allowing determination of decomposition mechanisms and prediction of shelf life and storage conditions. In addition, design solutions for interpreting differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves using observation or simultaneous recording of FTIR spectra and X-ray diffractograms (XRD) are characterized, addressing the inherent non-specificity of DSC.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Z. T. Yaqub, B. O. Oboirien, H. Leion
Summary: Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) has been found to be a better alternative for converting Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to energy and reducing the generation of dioxins. This study comprehensively reviews the experimental studies, oxygen carriers, reactor types, and performance evaluation of CLC of MSW. Plastic waste has received the most attention under CLC conditions due to its potential to reduce the emission of dioxins and furans. Alkaline earth metals modified iron ore has shown to be the most effective oxygen carrier, while the fluidized bed reactor is the preferred configuration for CLC of MSW.
JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Dan-Dan Du, Xin-Xin Wang, Yuan-Yuan Ma, Ning Ren, Jian-Jun Zhang
Summary: The reaction between 2,4-difluorobenzoic acid and 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine with Ln(NO3)(3)center dot 6H(2)O via slow evaporation produced a series of new binuclear lanthanide complexes, which were characterized by various techniques. The complexes showed two structural types, and thermal decomposition as well as the luminescent property of one complex containing Eu(III) were studied in detail.
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Giorgio Vilardi, Nicola Verdone
Summary: This work provides a complete exergy analysis of municipal solid waste incineration process, with considerations on increasing O2 %mol and adopting oxy-combustion conditions. Flue gas recirculation and oxygen-enriched air were found to improve exergy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. However, limited exergetic improvements were observed due to the exergy cost of the air separation unit.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anastasiia Sholokhova, Gintaras Denafas, Valeriy Mykhaylenko
Summary: This article investigates the formation and abundance of microplastics during mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) and highlights the significant impact of mechanical pre-treatment and aerobic treatment on microplastics formation. It also suggests a relationship between microplastics abundance in ready organic output and the plastic content of the incoming waste. To reduce microplastics formation and emission by MBT, the organic fraction of MSW should be collected and treated separately.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jingjing Li, Binlin Dou, Hua Zhang, Hao Zhang, Haisheng Chen, Yujie Xu
Summary: The pyrolysis and combustion processes of camphor biomass waste were studied using DSC/TGA-DTG/GC-MS/FTIR, with non-isothermal kinetics investigated under different heating rates. The results indicated different phases of mass loss, accompanied by exothermic and/or endothermic reactions.Activation energies for main mass losses in the second phase were determined to be 39.98-56.25 and 109.26-135.84 kJ/mol, respectively.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wen-jing Wang, Xue-yi You
Summary: The issue of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is hindering the harmonious development of society, prompting China to consider waste classification as a vital strategy for national ecological civilization construction. Studies have shown that waste classification has significant impacts on the socio-economy, environment, and resources of cities. Case studies in Tianjin from 2006 to 2017 demonstrate that increasing waste classification rates can lead to positive socioeconomic benefits, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and conservation of land resources.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rui He, Mexitli Sandoval-Reyes, Ian Scott, Rui Semeano, Paulo Ferrao, Scott Matthews, Mitchell J. Small
Summary: Increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is a major sustainability challenge and financial burden for municipalities worldwide. However, it also presents an opportunity to promote a circular economy. This study aims to provide access to current MSW data by establishing a comprehensive framework for understanding different aspects of MSW knowledge. By analyzing existing databases and governmental reports, the study generates insights into the complex nature of solid waste management systems (SWMS) and offers evidence-based decision-making tools for researchers and policymakers. The findings highlight the positive drivers towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12, such as economic development, density factors, sustainability initiatives, education, and regulation.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Veronica Benavente, Sandra Lage, Francesco G. Gentili, Stina Jansson
Summary: This study investigated the effects of lipid extraction on microalgae feedstocks subjected to hydrothermal carbonization. It found that unextracted microalgae had higher carbonization degree and secondary char content, while extracted microalgae had lower solid yield due to more decomposition products remaining in the liquid phase. Despite potentially toxic substances, extracted hydrochars showed lower phytotoxic potential, suggesting different applications for extractive-rich hydrochars and low-temperature hydrochars.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anna Trubetskaya, Thomas M. Attard, Vitaliy L. Budarin, Andrew J. Hunt, Mehrdad Arshadi, Jacek Grams
Summary: Supercritical extraction of biomass has a significant impact on the composition of Scots pine tree fractions, altering the surface concentration of water, lipids, and metals which subsequently influences the pyrolysis composition. The study demonstrates the remarkable influence of surface adsorbed metals on the pyrolysis products' composition, providing insights for a sustainable pretreatment method using ScCO2.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xudong Liu, Florent P. Bouxin, Jiajun Fan, Richard Gammons, Vitaliy L. Budarin, Changwei Hu, James H. Clark
Summary: By utilizing Fe(OTf)(3) as a Lewis acid and combining it with microwave heating, efficient delignification and depolymerization of lignin in birch sawdust were achieved, resulting in a high yield of monophenolic compounds.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
John Robinson, Eleanor Binner, Daniel Beneroso Vallejo, Nidia Diaz Perez, Khalid Al Mughairi, John Ryan, Benjamin Shepherd, Mohamed Adam, Vitaliy Budarin, Jiajun Fan, Mark Gronnow, Felipe Peneranda-Foix
Summary: This study establishes a new mechanism for microwave pyrolysis of biomass through empirical observations and mass transfer simulations. It demonstrates that microwave heating can significantly reduce pyrolysis temperatures for cellulose and hemicellulose, with dielectric properties varying based on heating rate. The study also identifies liquid-phase water as a key driver for the observed differences in microwave pyrolysis process.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Han Li, Cheng Li, Vitaliy L. Budarin, James H. Clark, Michael North, Jinxiu Wang, Xiao Wu
Summary: The synthesis of hierarchically porous Starbon(R) based materials from highly mesoporous Starbons(R) is reported. The hierarchically porous Starbons(R) show higher carbon dioxide adsorption capacities, better selectivity, and good stability under saturated water vapor conditions, compared to the mesoporous Starbon(R) precursors or conventional microporous activated carbon.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Han Li, Vitaliy L. Budarin, James H. Clark, Michael North, Xiao Wu
Summary: Hierarchically porous activated Starbons (R) derived from starch show excellent adsorption capacity for methylene blue, making them promising adsorbents for water purification. The optimal material (S950C90) has a nine-fold higher adsorption capacity than unactivated S800 and a four-fold higher capacity than commercial activated carbon. The adsorption process reaches equilibrium within 5 minutes and the adsorbents can be regenerated using acidic ethanol.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gerard Gandon-Ros, Ignacio Aracil, Maria Francisca Gomez-Rico, Juan A. Conesa
Summary: This study successfully conducted debromination of waste printed circuit boards (WCBs) using a hydrothermal process and proposed a simple technique to obtain reusable glass fibers, which can have a positive impact on the related industries and conserve water and energy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gerard Gandon-Ros, Ignacio Aracil, Maria Francisca Gomez-Rico, Juan A. Conesa
Summary: Effective management of waste printed circuit board (WCB) recycling brings significant advantages in terms of economy, society, and environment. Utilizing non-metallic parts of WCBs, which are known for their toxicological risks, can mitigate adverse socio-environmental impacts. Mechanochemical treatment and additives can achieve debromination of WCBs containing brominated flame retardant.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Carla Perez, Jean-Francois Boily, Nils Skoglund, Stina Jansson, Jerker Fick
Summary: This study investigates the leaching efficiency of phosphorus (P) and the release of metals and heavy metals from hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The results show that oxalate can achieve nearly complete P release under different pH values and carbonization temperatures, but it also transfers metals/heavy metals into the leachate.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christian Wurzer, Pierre Oesterle, Stina Jansson, Ondrej Masek
Summary: Adsorption using carbon materials is an efficient technique for removing emerging contaminants from wastewater, but high costs hinder widespread application. A novel recycling technique for exhausted activated biochars was evaluated, showing high carbon retention and beneficial structural changes, making it a feasible option for biochar recycling.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Imene Berkane, Andrea Cabanes, Oksana Horodytska, Ignacio Aracil, Andres Fullana
Summary: Multilayer flexible packaging waste is a non-recyclable material, and the delamination process can increase its recyclability by separating the polymer layers. This study optimized the delamination process by microperforating the plastic. Various factors, such as temperature and thickness of the aluminum layer, were investigated and it was found that microperforation improved the delamination rate by reducing the residence time. However, the presence of inks and surfactants had no significant effect.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Juan A. Conesa, Gerard Gandon-Ros, Maria F. Gomez-Rico, Ignacio Aracil
Summary: The debromination of waste circuit boards (WCBs) used in computer motherboards and components has been studied using two different equipment. One method involves using small non-stirred batch reactors with K2CO3 solutions, while the other method involves using a planetary ball mill with solid reactants. The kinetics of the reactions have been analyzed, with the conclusion that the chemical reaction step is slower than the mass transfer step. The activity of the reactants has also been explored, showing that slightly calcinating calcite can increase the activity of marble sludge.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Pierre Oesterle, Christine Gallampois, Stina Jansson
Summary: A novel regeneration method for used adsorbents, hydrothermal treatment, efficiently degrades emerging contaminants at 280 degrees C. LC-MS-QTOF analysis reveals different transformation products generated during hydrothermal regeneration depending on the contaminants. Three regeneration cycles achieve a degradation rate of 61-120%.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thomas M. Attard, Christopher Goodwin, Povilas Nalivaika, Jennifer Attard, Vitaliy L. Budarin, Alexandra Lanot, Damien Bove, James H. Clark, Con Robert McElroy
Summary: The current process to purify cannabidiol (CBD) is time-consuming and generates toxic waste. The proposed solid phase extraction (SPE) method offers a fast and reusable way to obtain CBD, with simplicity and ease of implementation.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Florent P. Bouxin, Jiajun Fan, Vitaliy L. Budarin, James H. Clark
Summary: The study demonstrated that using a low amount of graphite coating on beech sawdust can significantly enhance the microwave-assisted thermolysis process, with the electrical conductivity threshold of the coated samples being a key factor. The ideal particle size range was found to be 250-500 μm, providing high heat homogeneity, while smaller particles (75-250 μm) were unsuitable for microwave pyrolysis.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.
