Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 42, Issue -, Pages 40-52Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.02.003
Keywords
Calcium; Sex differences; Development; Estradiol; Testosterone
Categories
Funding
- University of Massachusetts Boston
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Hormones have wide-ranging effects throughout the nervous system, including the ability interact with and modulate many aspects of intracellular calcium regulation and calcium signaling. Indeed, these interactions specifically may help to explain the often opposing or paradoxical effects of hormones, such as their ability to both promote and prevent neuronal cell death during development, as well as reduce or exacerbate damage following an insult or injury in adulthood. Here, we review the basic mechanisms underlying intracellular calcium regulation perhaps the most dynamic and flexible of all signaling molecules and discuss how gonadal hormones might manipulate these mechanisms to coordinate diverse cellular responses and achieve disparate outcomes. Additional future research that specifically addresses questions of sex and hormone effects on calcium signaling at different ages will be critical to understanding hormone-mediated neuroprotection. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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