Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adriana Cherskov, Nenad Sestan
Summary: This high-throughput technique screens genes implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases in 3D cell cultures, revealing a potential mechanism involved in a rare disorder known as microcephaly. The CRISPR-based organoid screen targets genes linked to microcephaly.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anastasia Shpichka, Polina Bikmulina, Maria Peshkova, Zahra Heydari, Nastasia Kosheleva, Massoud Vosough, Peter Timashev
Summary: Organoids are a flexible tool for modeling viral, bacterial, and protist infections. They can provide fast and reliable information on the biology of pathogens and in drug screening, and have become a focus of attention.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Yang Li, Peng-Ming Zeng, Jian Wu, Zhen-Ge Luo
Summary: Understanding the fundamental processes of human brain development and diseases is crucial for our health. However, current research models have limitations, but the emerging brain organoid model, integrated from human pluripotent stem cells, provides a better understanding of the complex structures and functions of the human brain. This review summarizes recent advances in brain organoid technologies and their applications in brain development and diseases, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, psychiatric diseases, and brain tumors. The review also discusses current limitations and the potential of brain organoids.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shirley Pei Shan Chia, Sharleen Li Ying Kong, Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang, Boon-Seng Soh
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the adoption of efficient and reliable models in the scientific community to combat infectious diseases. Three dimensional human organoid technology, which closely mimics the structure and function of organs, has emerged as an essential tool in infectious disease research. This article compares conventional systems with organoid models, highlights the role of organoids in modeling infectious diseases and understanding the molecular mechanisms behind them, and presents the limitations of current organoid models and innovative strategies to overcome them.
Review
Cell Biology
Nan Sun, Xiangqi Meng, Yuxiang Liu, Dan Song, Chuanlu Jiang, Jinquan Cai
Summary: Brain organoids derived from human stem cells can mimic the structure and function of the human brain. They have the potential to model early brain development and various brain disorders. Combining immune-staining and single-cell sequencing technologies can enhance our understanding of brain organoids.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kirill Salewskij, Josef M. Penninger
Summary: Despite advances, cardiovascular disorders remain a major threat to global health, with one-third of global deaths attributed to these disorders. Species-specific pathways and a lack of high-throughput methods often limit research on new therapeutics and their effects on vascular parameters. In vitro models for human blood vessels are challenging due to the complex 3-dimensional environment, cellular crosstalk, and organ-specific architectures. Recently, self-organizing human capillary blood vessel organoids have been developed, which recapitulate key processes of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and diabetic vasculopathy, and have been used as models for other diseases.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Hao Chen, Xin Jin, Tie Li, Zhuang Ye
Summary: Brain organoids, generated through the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, provide a valuable platform for studying human brain development, disease modeling, and drug screening.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dany Perocheau, Loukia Touramanidou, Sonam Gurung, Paul Gissen, Julien Baruteau
Summary: Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in cell-cell communication and have shown promising potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic carriers. Their reduced immunogenicity and ability to cross physiological barriers make them an appealing option for clinical application.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Natan Roberto de Barros, Canran Wang, Surjendu Maity, Arne Peirsman, Rohollah Nasiri, Anna Herland, Menekse Ermis, Satoru Kawakita, Bruna Gregatti Carvalho, Negar Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi, Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano, Zuzana Tirpakova, Seyed Mohammad Hossein Dabiri, Jean Lucas Tanaka, Natashya Falcone, Auveen Choroomi, Runrun Chen, Shuyi Huang, Elisheva Zisblatt, Yixuan Huang, Ahmad Rashad, Danial Khorsandi, Ankit Gangrade, Leon Voskanian, Yangzhi Zhu, Bingbing Li, Mohsen Akbarij, Junmin Leem, Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci, Han-Jun Kim, Ali Khademhosseini
Summary: This review discusses the latest developments in organoid engineering for biomedical applications, including improvements in engineering organoids and their applications in drug development and disease modeling. It also highlights the tools and techniques used to study organoids and their microenvironments, as well as the analysis of clinical trials and patents related to organoids, showing their potential for future personalized medicine. The challenges and future perspectives of using organoids to advance biomedical research are also discussed.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Seokyoung Bang, Songhyun Lee, Nakwon Choi, Hong Nam Kim
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Engineered platforms like brain organoids and brain-on-a-chip can mimic the pathophysiological signatures of these diseases, offering a promising tool for research and therapy.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yujuan Zhu, Lingyu Sun, Xiangyi Wu, Zhifeng Gu, Yuanjin Zhao
Summary: Human organoid models offer an alternative to traditional culture and animal models, with physiological relevance. The development of engineered strategies, such as microfluidics, hydrogel, and 3D printing, has greatly advanced organoid technology. These engineered organoids have diverse cell composition, controlled structure, and enhanced maturity, demonstrating promise in development, disease, tissue repair, precision medicine, and drug screening. This review provides a comprehensive summary of engineered organoid model systems and highlights their biomedical applications, emphasizing their potential in the field. Additionally, the review discusses key challenges and future directions for organoid model development from an engineering perspective.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Heloise Castiglione, Pierre-Antoine Vigneron, Camille Baquerre, Frank Yates, Jessica Rontard, Thibault Honegger
Summary: There is an urgent need for predictive in vitro models to improve disease modeling and drug target identification and validation, especially for neurological disorders. Cerebral organoids, as alternative methods to in vivo studies, have the ability to recapitulate many features of the human brain and are considered powerful tools to decipher complex biological processes. Combining these innovative models with microfluidic technologies, referred to as brain organoids-on-chips, allows us to model the microenvironment of several neuronal cell types in 3D, opening new avenues for preclinical applications in neuroscience.
Review
Polymer Science
Md Abdul Wahab, Li Luming, Md Abdul Matin, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, Mohammad Omer Aijaz, Hamad Fahad Alharbi, Ahmed Abdala, Rezwanul Haque
Summary: Silver has become a potent agent for effective antibacterial applications in nanostructured materials. Silver nanoparticles play a major role in various industries and are prepared using methods that reduce toxicity. Basic structural parameters like size, shape, and chemical composition significantly impact the antimicrobial activities, highlighting the importance of designing appropriate formulations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sergiu P. Pasca, Paola Arlotta, Helen S. Bateup, J. Gray Camp, Silvia Cappello, Fred H. Gage, Juergen A. Knoblich, Arnold R. Kriegstein, Madeline A. Lancaster, Guo-Li Ming, Alysson R. Muotri, In-Hyun Park, Orly Reiner, Hongjun Song, Lorenz Studer, Sally Temple, Giuseppe Testa, Barbara Treutlein, Flora M. Vaccarino
Summary: The nomenclature of human multicellular models of nervous system development and disease, including organoids, assembloids, and transplants, is clarified and provided as a basic framework to facilitate progress and improve communication with the scientific community and the public. These models derived from human pluripotent stem cells or primary tissue have the potential to provide insights into the unique development of the human nervous system and the progression and treatment of nervous system disorders.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao-Yan Tang, Shanshan Wu, Da Wang, Chu Chu, Yuan Hong, Mengdan Tao, Hao Hu, Min Xu, Xing Guo, Yan Liu
Summary: Organoids are 3D miniature structures cultured in vitro that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity, structure, and functions of human organs. They have potential applications for studying human physiology and development, as well as for biomedical research and preclinical drug testing.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ankita Chadda, Alexander G. Kozlov, Binh Nguyen, Timothy M. Lohman, Eric A. Galburt
Summary: In this study, it was found that the DNA damage response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis differs from well-studied model bacteria. The DNA repair helicase UvrD1 in Mtb is activated through a redox-dependent process and is closely associated with the homo-dimeric Ku protein. Additionally, Ku protein is shown to stimulate the helicase activity of UvrD1.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2024)
