4.7 Article

Differentiation of cocoa nibs from distinct origins using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and multivariate analysis

Journal

FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
Volume 90, Issue -, Pages 133-138

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.047

Keywords

Cocoa nibs; Solid phase microextraction; Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; Fisher ratio; Principal component analysis

Funding

  1. Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP [2012/14695-8]
  2. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - CNPq [307838/2013-7]

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Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography was used for identification of volatiles compounds responsible for differentiation between cocoa nibs from Brazil and Ivory Coast. The unfolded GC x GC with Flame Ionization Detector (FID) chromatograms were first aligned using the correlation optimization warping (COW) algorithm and normalized. After that, Fisher ratio was calculated for each variable, and a threshold value was chosen-to select the variables that best promote a separation of nibs samples from different sources in a principal component analysis (PCA) model. To identify the relevant compounds for the separation, representative samples of each source were analyzed in the same conditions by GC x GC with detection by quadrupole mass spectrometry. Finally, the average peak volumes for each key compound obtained for both classes were compared using a Student t-test and it was possible to identify 15 volatile compounds responsible for differentiation between cocoa nibs from Brazil and Ivory Coast. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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