Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 414, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125524
Keywords
Carbonaceous; Fibrous silica titania; Orientation; 2-Chlorophenol; Visible light
Categories
Funding
- Fundamental Research Grant Scheme from Ministry of Higher Education [FRGS/1/2019/STG07/UTM/01/1, 5F192]
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia [08G92]
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In this study, fibrous silica-titania was prepared via the microemulsion method and modified with three types of carbonaceous materials, with graphitic-carbon nitride showing the best photocatalytic performance. The interaction between carbonaceous materials and FST contributed to the enhancement of catalyst performance through appropriate dispersion and interaction, leading to a significant improvement in photodegradation efficacy.
In this work, fibrous silica-titania (FST) was successfully prepared by the microemulsion method prior to the addition of three types of carbonaceous materials: graphitic-carbon nitride, g-C3N4 (CN), graphene nanoplatelets (GN), and multi-wall carbon nanotubes, MWCNT (CNT), via a solid-state microwave irradiation technique. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, FESEM, TEM, FTIR, UV-Vis DRS, N2 adsorption-desorption, XPS and ESR, while their photoactivity was examined on the degradation of toxic 2-chlorophenol (2-CP). The result demonstrated that the initial reaction rate was in the following order: CNFST (5.1 x 10-3 mM min-1) > GNFST (2.5 x 10-3 mM min-1) > CNTFST (2.3 x 10-3 mM min-1). The best performance was due to the polymeric structure of g-C3N4 with a good dispersion of C and N on the surface FST. This dispersion contributed towards an appropriate quantity of defect sites, as a consequence of the greater interaction between g-C3N4 and the FST support, that led to narrowed of band gap energy (2.98 eV to 2.10 eV). The effect of scavenger and ESR studies confirmed that the photodegradation over CNFST occurred via a Z-scheme mechanism. It is noteworthy that the addition of green carbonaceous materials on the FST markedly enhanced the photodegradation of toxic 2-CP.
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