Journal
FOOD CONTROL
Volume 66, Issue -, Pages 215-226Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.02.007
Keywords
Hyperspectral imaging; Food sorting; SWIR; Real-time; Glare correction; Uniform illumination; Pixel-based classification; Short wave infrared
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Funding
- Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Flanders) through the Chameleon project [SB-100021]
- European Unions Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration PicknPack project [311987]
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High speed data processing for online food quality inspection using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is challenging as over hundred spectral images have to be analyzed simultaneously. In this study, a real-time pixel based early apple bruise detection system based on HSI in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) range has been developed. This systems consists of a novel, homogeneous SWIR illumination unit and a line scan camera. The system performance was tested on Jonagold apples bruised less than two hours before scanning. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis was used to discriminate bruised pixel spectra from sound pixel spectra. As the glossiness of many fruit and vegetables limits the accuracy in the detection of defects, several reflectance calibrations and pre-processing techniques were compared for glare correction and maximizing the signal to noise ratio. With the best combination of first derivative and mean centering, followed by image post-processing, this system was able to detect fresh bruises in thirty apples with 98% accuracy at the pixel level with a processing time per apple below 200 ms. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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