What is the best catalyst for biomass pyrolysis?

Biomass pyrolysis has played an important role in environmental management by providing fuel and value-added chemicals from renewable resources. However, the variability in the properties of biomass necessitates the need for tunable catalysts that can favor specific reactions to target desirable compounds. Acid sites on catalysts are required for the cleavage of C-C and C-O bonds. While zeolite has been the most historically used catalyst for these processes, other materials such as silica and biomass-derived activated carbon have garnered the interest of researchers. All three types of catalysts have their strengths and weaknesses. In this study, the authors detail the synthesis and application of these catalysts in pyrolysis reactions. Advancements made in recent years were explored in detail, and key factors that influence the activity and stability of each type of catalysts are highlighted. The authors also provide their perspective on all three materials in terms of their potential to provide potential advancements in the field of catalytic pyrolysis. Finally, future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature with a particular focus on the development of composite to overcome the major challenges posed by the conventional catalysts.

Automated summary

Biomass pyrolysis plays an important role in environmental management by providing fuel and chemicals from renewable resources. Tunable catalysts are needed to cater to the variability in biomass properties, with materials like zeolite, silica, and biomass-derived activated carbon showing promise. This study details the synthesis and application of these catalysts, highlighting key factors influencing their activity and stability, and providing perspectives on potential advancements in catalytic pyrolysis. Future research directions, including the development of composites to overcome challenges posed by conventional catalysts, are indicated based on published results.