Controllable oxygen doping and sulfur vacancies in one dimensional CdS nanorods for boosted hydrogen evolution reaction

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on semiconductor surface has attracted a great attention in recent years for their abundant applications in solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. Even though a number of materials have been designed for HER, still suffer from little photocatalytic activity which restricts the practical applications. Introducing the vacancies and doping is an effective approach to control the electronic bandstructures of materials which in turn results the improved photocatalytic activity. In this study, we have synthesized one dimensional CdS nanorods by a solvothermal method and then developed a low temperature heating strategy to incorporate the O-doping and Svacancies simultaneously into CdS towards visible photocatalytic H-2 evolution reaction. The heat treated samples with controlled O-doping and S-vacancies offer enhanced visible light absorption and improved photogenerated charge carriers' separation. Moreover, the S-vacancies also acted as traps to retard the electron-hole recombination rate. As a result, CdS sample treated at 200 degrees C for 2 hr showed a high photocatalytic H-2 evolution activity of 377 mu mol/g/h which is 22 times higher than 18 mu mol/g/h for pure CdS sample. This work validates a simple thermal treatment method to produce S-vacancies and O-doping for the fabrication of efficient photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The study synthesized one-dimensional CdS nanorods via a solvothermal method and developed a low-temperature heating strategy to incorporate O-doping and S-vacancies into CdS for efficient visible photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. The heat-treated samples showed enhanced visible light absorption and improved separation of photogenerated charge carriers, leading to a significantly higher photocatalytic activity. This work demonstrates a simple thermal treatment method to produce S-vacancies and O-doping for the fabrication of efficient photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production.