Journal
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
Volume 69, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102311
Keywords
embodied HANPP; Environmentally-extended multi-regional input-output analysis; Land-use; International trade; Resource nexus; Teleconnections
Categories
Funding
- Volkswagenstiftung
- Niederachsisches Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Kultur [A112269]
- Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) [ESR17-014]
- Konrad Lorenz Institute Klosterneuburg
- European Research Council [725525]
- Austrian Science Fund [P 31598_G31]
- European Research Council (ERC) [725525] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Land-use activities are becoming increasingly globalized and industrialized, which can reduce pressure on domestic ecosystems but may pose potential obstacles for global sustainable land-use. As countries' incomes grow, they rely less on local renewable resources and consume more biomass goods from other countries, requiring higher energy and material inputs. This results in a societal disconnect from domestic ecological productivity, enabling ecosystem conservation while satisfying growing demand, without achieving a global decoupling of biomass consumption from resource and land requirements.
Land-use activities are increasingly globalized and industrialized. While this contributes to a reduction of pressure on domestic ecosystems in some regions, spillover effects from these processes represent potential obstacles for global sustainable land-use. This contribution scrutinizes the complex global resource nexus of national land-use intensity, international trade of biomass goods, and resource footprints in land-use systems. Via a systematic account of the global human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) and input-output modelling, we demonstrate that with growing income countries reduce their reliance on local renewable resources, while simultaneously consuming more biomass goods produced in other countries requiring higher energy and material inputs. The characteristic 'outsourcing' country appropriates 43% of its domestic net primary production, but net-imports a similar amount (64 gigajoules per capita and year) from other countries and requires energy (11 GJ/cap/yr) and material (similar to 400 kg/cap/yr) inputs four to five times higher as the majority of the global population to sustain domestic land-use intensification. This growing societal disconnect from domestic ecological productivity enables a domestic conservation of ecosystems while satisfying growing demand. However, it does not imply a global decoupling of biomass consumption from resource and land requirements.
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