Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 48, Issue 15, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2021GL092942
Keywords
Greenland ice sheet; rainfall; polar regional climate model; Arctic; numerical modeling; climate change
Categories
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JP17KK0017, JP17K12817, JP18H05054, JP18H03363, JP20H04982]
- Ministry of the Environment of Japan through the Experimental Research Fund for Global Environment Conservation [MLIT1753]
- Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) [JPMXD1420318865]
- Program for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet () of the Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities
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Research shows that rainfall on the Greenland ice sheet is expected to increase as the climate warms, with the northwest part of the ice sheet experiencing a fourfold increase in annual rainfall over the past 40 years. In September, both the amount and intensity of ice sheet-wide rainfall have also significantly increased.
Greenland ice sheet rainfall is expected to increase under a warming climate. Yet, there have been no active long-term in-situ rainfall records on the ice sheet due to observational difficulties. Here, we utilize the state-of-the-art 5 km polar non-hydrostatic regional climate model NHM-SMAP to evaluate the ice sheet's rainfall over 40 years (1980-2019). The largest trends include a fourfold increase in annual rainfall for the northwestern ice sheet; 3.1 Gt year(-1) or 12 mm m(-2) year(-1). September ice-sheet-wide rainfall amount and intensity increase by 7.5 Gt month(-1) and 20.8 mm h(-1) year(-1). In the last two decades, the increasing September maximum hourly rainfall rate exceeded 50 mm h(-1) six times. The increased surface water delivery has numerous implications, including for snow metamorphism and ice flow dynamics.
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