Review
Energy & Fuels
Chuanhao Jin, Jiangjun Wei
Summary: In recent years, the search for new clean fuels to replace fossil diesel has become crucial due to the shortage of fossil oil resources and environmental pollution problems. Biodiesel has gained attention for its environmental friendliness, renewable features, and wide range of sources. However, the use of biodiesel often leads to higher NOx emissions. Water, as a fuel additive, can lower the combustion temperature and reduce NOx emissions but also brings new challenges like increased CO and HC emissions. Nanoparticles are expected to address these issues with their higher surface area-to-volume ratio and catalytic properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of nanoparticles and water on the performance of biodiesel and its blends with diesel.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Nikhil Aniruddha Bhave, Mahendra M. Gupta, Sandeep S. Joshi
Summary: Adding oxy hydrogen gas as a fuel additive in PCCI engines can significantly reduce CO and HC emissions, while improving engine performance indicators. The addition of oxy hydrogen gas results in almost negligible smoke and oxides of nitrogen emissions.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nikhil Aniruddha Bhave, Mahendra M. Gupta, Sandeep S. Joshi
Summary: This research investigates the use of Brown's gas as a fuel additive to reduce environmental pollution in compression ignition engines. The results show that oxyhydrogen gas provides promising benefits in terms of better combustion and low emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Erdal Cilgin, Halis Deviren, Orhan Arpa
Summary: This research found that using a low percentage of acetone in diesel engines leads to improvements in combustion parameters, while increasing acetone concentration and using acetone + MNMgOs has the opposite effect. Combining acetone and MNMgOs can effectively reduce emissions of CO, HC, and NOx.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bahman Najafi, Farid Haghighatshoar, Sina Ardabili, Shahab S. Band, Kwok wing Chau, Amir Mosavi
Summary: In this study, water electrolysis was employed to produce Hydroxy gas (HHO) as a gaseous additive for engine testing. Results showed that injecting HHO at 5 cc/s significantly improved engine performance by increasing power output and decreasing fuel consumption and harmful emissions. However, the use of HHO and biodiesel led to an increase in NOx emissions.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiangjun Wei, Chengjun He, Gang Lv, Yuan Zhuang, Yejian Qian, Suozhu Pan
Summary: The study showed that adding SiO2 nanoparticles to methanol could increase the peak pressure and peak heat release rate of a diesel engine, improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions of CO, HC, NOx, and smoke.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ram Narayan Bhagat, Kunja Bihari Sahu, Surendra Kumar Ghadai, Chandra Bhushan Kumar
Summary: The global demand for cleaner and greener sources of energy is increasing, and developed countries are shifting towards non-conventional/renewable/green sources of energy. They are also trying to involve developing countries in the fight against global warming and pollution. Hydrogen, with its high calorific value, abundance, and cleaner nature, is a suitable choice as a cleaner energy source.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Medhat Elkelawy, Safaa El-din H. Etaiw, Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Mohamed Ayad, Ahmed Mohamed Radwan, Mohamed M. Dawood
Summary: The study found that the addition of nano additives and hydrogen peroxide can reduce exhaust emissions, improve combustion efficiency, and enhance thermal efficiency of the fuel in diesel engines.
Article
Thermodynamics
Salih Ozer, Usame Demir, Serhat Kocyigit
Summary: With the increase in vehicle numbers, efforts to improve engine efficiency have intensified as fuel consumption rises. Diesel engines face strict restrictions due to emissions, although they are widely used in freight transportation. Many studies have focused on reducing diesel engine emissions by adding nanomaterials to the fuel. This study examined the use of borax decahydrate as a fuel additive in a diesel engine, observing a reduction in emissions except for NOx. Further research is needed to explore different mixing ratios and usage patterns of boron-doped fuels.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Navarun Saikia, Ramadhas Arumugam Sakunthalai, Maya Chakradhar, Sithananthan Masilamani, Muhul Maheshwari, Deepak Saxena
Summary: Fuel economy improvement and reducing exhaust emissions are driving forces for the advancement of engine technology and fuel quality enhancement. This study explores the effect of high cetane diesel on the performance and emission behavior of SCR fitted heavy-duty engines, and it has been found that using high cetane diesel can reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Md. Nurun Nabi, Wisam K. Hussam, Hasan Mohammad Mostofa Afroz, Adib Bin Rashid, Jahidul Islam, A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut
Summary: This study investigated the engine performance and emissions of waste tire oil-diesel-biodiesel blends, finding that the maximum blending limit for waste tire pyrolysis oil was 30% in diesel fuel.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Suozhu Pan, Jiangjun Wei, Changfa Tao, Gang Lv, Yejian Qian, Qiang Liu, Weiqiang Han
Summary: This study investigates the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine. The results show that methanol-based nanofluids with CeO2 nanoparticles can improve engine thermal efficiency and reduce emissions compared to pure methanol mode.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moses Jeremiah Barasa Kabeyi, Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju
Summary: Waste heat recovery systems can convert the thermal energy in waste fluid streams into useful work. Diesel engine cogeneration systems utilize waste heat recovery technologies and devices to convert the recoverable heat energy from diesel engine exhaust into additional electricity. This study establishes the cogeneration potential of a power plant in Kenya and recommends the development of a larger capacity Rankine cycle steam turbine-based cogeneration power plant.
Article
Energy & Fuels
S. Ouchikh, M. S. Lounici, K. Loubar, L. Tarabet, M. Tazerout
Summary: Experimental research on the diesel injection strategy for a methane/diesel dual-fuel engine revealed that the split injection strategy significantly improved combustion efficiency and reduced NOx emissions at low load conditions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bibin Chidambaranathan, Devan Ponnusamy Kumarasami, Gopinath Soundararajan, Ramachandran Thulasiram
Summary: The increasing demand for energy consumption has driven researchers to explore alternative fuels for diesel. This study investigated the performance and emissions of an engine operated with neat punnai oil blends with diesel. The results showed that a 20% punnai oil and 80% diesel blend performed similarly to diesel in terms of efficiency and emissions. Power loss was observed when neat punnai oil and higher blends were used.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.