Journal
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 169, Issue -, Pages 224-237Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.022
Keywords
Pluripotent stem cell; Adult stem cell; Oxidative stress; Forkhead box O; Stemness; Reactive oxygen species
Funding
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [RO1DE025330]
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were once seen as harmful byproducts of metabolism, but recent studies have highlighted their key role in stem cell self-renewal or differentiation. The interplay between ROS levels, metabolism, and downstream redox signaling pathways influences stem cell fate.
Previous views of reactive oxygen species (ROS) depicted them as harmful byproducts of metabolism as uncontrolled levels of ROS can lead to DNA damage and cell death. However, recent studies have shed light into the key role of ROS in the self-renewal or differentiation of the stem cell. The interplay between ROS levels, metabolism, and the downstream redox signaling pathways influence stem cell fate. In this review we will define ROS, explain how they are generated, and how ROS signaling can influence transcription factors, first and foremost forkhead box-O transcription factors, that shape not only the cellular redox state, but also stem cell fate. Now that studies have illustrated the importance of redox homeostasis and the role of redox signaling, understanding the mechanisms behind this interplay will further shed light into stem cell biology.
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