Novel archetype in psoriasis management bridging molecular dynamics in exploring novel therapies

Therapeutic glucocorticoids: mechanisms of actions in rheumatic diseases

(2020) Rowan S. Hardy et al.   Nature Reviews Rheumatology

Serum lipids, retinoic acid and phenol red differentially regulate expression of keratins K1, K10 and K2 in cultured keratinocytes

(2020) Hebah Aldehlawi et al.   Scientific Reports

Dithranol targets keratinocytes, their crosstalk with neutrophils and inhibits the IL-36 inflammatory loop in psoriasis

(2020) Theresa Benezeder et al.   eLife

Percutaneous absorption of resveratrol and its oligomers to relieve psoriasiform lesions: In silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluations

(2020) Ching-Yi Cheng et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

Multifaceted targeting of cationic liposomes via co-delivery of anti-IL-17 siRNA and corticosteroid for topical treatment of psoriasis

(2020) Krishna Yadav et al.   MEDICAL HYPOTHESES

Topical delivery of fluocinolone acetonide integrated NLCs and salicylic acid enriched gel: A potential and synergistic approach in the management of psoriasis

(2020) Madhulika Pradhan et al.   JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Treatment Strategies Against Psoriasis: Principle, Perspectives And Practices

(2019) Arya Kadukkattil Ramanunny et al.   Current Drug Delivery

Tazarotene gel with narrow-band UVB phototherapy: a synergistic combination in psoriasis

(2018) Surabhi Dayal et al.   ANAIS BRASILEIROS DE DERMATOLOGIA

Psoriasis: from Pathogenesis to Targeted Therapies

(2018) Curdin Conrad et al.   CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY

Perspectives of Lipid-Based Drug Carrier Systems for Transdermal Delivery

(2018) Madhulika Pradhan et al.   CRITICAL REVIEWS IN THERAPEUTIC DRUG CARRIER SYSTEMS

Biologics for the primary care physician: Review and treatment of psoriasis

(2018) Eric D. Schadler et al.   DM DISEASE-A-MONTH

Rutin and rutin-conjugated gold nanoparticles ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis in rats through inhibition of NF-κB and iNOS activation

(2018) Anum Gul et al.   INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Protein biomarker for psoriasis: A systematic review on their role in the pathomechanism, diagnosis, potential targets and treatment of psoriasis

(2018) Krishna Yadav et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

Lipid nanocarriers as skin drug delivery systems: Properties, mechanisms of skin interactions and medical applications

(2018) M. Sala et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

Decrease of galectin-3 in keratinocytes: A potential diagnostic marker and a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of psoriasis

(2018) Zhen-rui Shi et al.   JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY

Lack of Galanin Receptor 3 Alleviates Psoriasis by Altering Vascularization, Immune Cell Infiltration, and Cytokine Expression

(2018) Felix Locker et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Dimethyl fumarate targets GAPDH and aerobic glycolysis to modulate immunity

(2018) Michael D. Kornberg et al.   SCIENCE

The Interplay Between Keratinocytes and Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

(2018) Cristina Albanesi et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Interleukin 23 in the skin: role in psoriasis pathogenesis and selective interleukin 23 blockade as treatment

(2018) Tom C. Chan et al.   Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

Understanding the prospective of nano-formulations towards the treatment of psoriasis

(2018) Madhulika Pradhan et al.   BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

The IL-17 Family of Cytokines in Psoriasis: IL-17A and Beyond

(2018) Nicolo Costantino Brembilla et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Update of calcineurin inhibitors to treat inverse psoriasis: A systematic review

(2018) Annunziata Dattola et al.   Dermatologic Therapy

Psoralen loaded liposomal nanocarriers for improved skin penetration and efficacy of topical PUVA in psoriasis

(2017) Sindhu Doppalapudi et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsions based on essential oils for topical delivery of psoralen: Permeation and stability studies

(2017) Thaís Nogueira Barradas et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS

NFKBIZ in Psoriasis: Assessing the association with gene polymorphisms and report of a new transcript variant

(2017) Pablo Coto-Segura et al.   HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY

A review on golimumab in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis

(2017) Maria Urdaneta et al.   Immunotherapy

The Genetic Basis of Psoriasis

(2017) Francesca Capon   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Molecular Mechanisms and Management of a Cutaneous Inflammatory Disorder: Psoriasis

(2017) Yu Woo et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Old and New Biological Therapies for Psoriasis

(2017) Kirsten Rønholt et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Dual roles of TPGS based microemulsion for tacrolimus: Enhancing the percutaneous delivery and anti-psoriatic efficacy

(2017) Tao Wan et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

Polymeric nanospheres for topical delivery of vitamin D3

(2017) Tannaz Ramezanli et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

Psoriasis pathogenesis and the development of novel targeted immune therapies

(2017) Jason E. Hawkes et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

The proteasome maturation protein POMP increases proteasome assembly and activity in psoriatic lesional skin

(2017) Barbara A. Zieba et al.   JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE

Fabrication, optimization and characterization of Triamcinolone acetonide loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical treatment of psoriasis: Application of Box Behnken design, in vitro and ex vivo studies

(2017) Madhulika Pradhan et al.   JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Psoriasis-Associated Late Cornified Envelope (LCE) Proteins Have Antibacterial Activity

(2017) Hanna Niehues et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Spread of Psoriasiform Inflammation to Remote Tissues Is Restricted by the Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR2

(2017) Kave Shams et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

miR-146b Probably Assists miRNA-146a in the Suppression of Keratinocyte Proliferation and Inflammatory Responses in Psoriasis

(2017) Helen Hermann et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Efficacy and safety of guselkumab, an anti-interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody, compared with adalimumab for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with randomized withdrawal and retreatment: Results from the phase III, double-blind, placebo- and active comparator–controlled VOYAGE 2 trial

(2017) Kristian Reich et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY

Nanoemulsion loaded gel for topical co-delivery of clobitasol propionate and calcipotriol in psoriasis

(2017) Amanpreet Kaur et al.   Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine

Vitamin D and its role in psoriasis: An overview of the dermatologist and nutritionist

(2017) Luigi Barrea et al.   REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS

Large scale meta-analysis characterizes genetic architecture for common psoriasis associated variants

(2017) Lam C. Tsoi et al.   Nature Communications

Topical Nano and Microemulsions for Skin Delivery

(2017) Christofori Nastiti et al.   Pharmaceutics

STAT2 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by promoting CXCL11 and CCL5 production by keratinocytes

(2017) Claus Johansen et al.   PLoS One

New insights into the role of T cells in pathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

(2016) Jacek Karczewski et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY

Investigation of selective JAK1 inhibitor GSK2586184 for the treatment of psoriasis in a randomized placebo-controlled phase IIa study

(2016) V.J. Ludbrook et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY

The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR): therapeutic target and predictive biological marker in rheumatoid arthritis

(2016) Pnina Fishman et al.   CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY

Functionalized gold nanoparticles for topical delivery of methotrexate for the possible treatment of psoriasis

(2016) Hagar Bessar et al.   COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES

Serum levels of TWEAK in patients with psoriasis vulgaris

(2016) Özlem Bilgiç et al.   CYTOKINE

An elastic liposomal formulation for RNAi-based topical treatment of skin disorders: Proof-of-concept in the treatment of psoriasis

(2016) Eline Desmet et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

The tryptophan metabolism enzyme L-kynureninase is a novel inflammatory factor in psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases

(2016) Jamie L. Harden et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Tacrolimus and curcumin co-loaded liposphere gel: Synergistic combination towards management of psoriasis

(2016) Anjali Jain et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Advances in psoriasis physiopathology and treatments: Up to date of mechanistic insights and perspectives of novel therapies based on innovative skin drug delivery systems (ISDDS)

(2016) M. Sala et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Improved topical delivery of tacrolimus: A novel composite hydrogel formulation for the treatment of psoriasis

(2016) Doris Gabriel et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Psoriasis, vitamin D and the importance of the cutaneous barrier's integrity: An update

(2016) Carlo Mattozzi et al.   JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY

Cationic Polymeric Nanocapsules as a Strategy to Target Dexamethasone to Viable Epidermis: Skin Penetration and Permeation Studies

(2016) Tiago Costa Beber et al.   JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: Long-term efficacy and safety results from 2 randomized phase-III studies and 1 open-label long-term extension study

(2016) Kim A. Papp et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY

Serum Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 is Increased in Patients with Psoriasis

(2016) A. Baran et al.   LIPIDS

Phase 3 Trials of Ixekizumab in Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis

(2016) Kenneth B. Gordon et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Corticosteroids

(2016) Sivapriya Ramamoorthy et al.   RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA

Role of an imbalanced miRNAs axis in pathogenesis of psoriasis: novel perspectives based on review of the literature

(2016) Mao-Jie Wang et al.   Oncotarget

Hypomethylation of HLA-DRB1 and its clinical significance in psoriasis

(2016) Wenkai Zong et al.   Oncotarget

p53 in the DNA-Damage-Repair Process

(2016) Ashley B. Williams et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

Prokineticin 2 Plays a Pivotal Role in Psoriasis

(2016) Xiaoqin He et al.   EBioMedicine

New Drugs and Treatment Targets in Psoriasis

(2015) K Kofoed et al.   ACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA

CXCL10 in psoriasis

(2015) Silvia Martina Ferrari et al.   Advances in Medical Sciences

Genome-wide Association Analysis of Psoriatic Arthritis and Cutaneous Psoriasis Reveals Differences in Their Genetic Architecture

(2015) Philip E. Stuart et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS

Psoriasis: classical and emerging comorbidities

(2015) Maria de Fátima Santos Paim de Oliveira et al.   ANAIS BRASILEIROS DE DERMATOLOGIA

Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in psoriatic patients

(2015) Manuela Ferrasso Zuchi et al.   ANAIS BRASILEIROS DE DERMATOLOGIA

Tildrakizumab (MK-3222), an anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody, improves psoriasis in a phase IIb randomized placebo-controlled trial

(2015) K. Papp et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY

Development characterization and skin permeating potential of lipid based novel delivery system for topical treatment of psoriasis

(2015) Madhulika Pradhan et al.   CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS

Cytokines in psoriasis

(2015) Jaymie Baliwag et al.   CYTOKINE

Genetics of Psoriasis

(2015) Satveer K. Mahil et al.   DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS

Chemerin and calprotectin levels correlate with disease activity and inflammation markers in psoriasis vulgaris

(2015) Savas Guzel et al.   Dermatologica Sinica

Expression of apoptosis regulating proteins p53 and bcl-2 in psoriasis

(2015) Nikhil Moorchung et al.   Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology

Leukocyte-derived koebnerisin (S100A15) and psoriasin (S100A7) are systemic mediators of inflammation in psoriasis

(2015) Aleksandra Batycka-Baran et al.   JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE

Vitamin D3levels and bone mineral density in patients with psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis

(2015) Gyöngyvér Kincse et al.   JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY

CCN1, a Pro-Inflammatory Factor, Aggravates Psoriasis Skin Lesions by Promoting Keratinocyte Activation

(2015) Yue Sun et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Results of a phase III, randomized, controlled trial (Efficacy and Safety Trial Evaluating the Effects of Apremilast in Psoriasis [ESTEEM] 1)

(2015) Kim Papp et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY

Phase 3 Studies Comparing Brodalumab with Ustekinumab in Psoriasis

(2015) Mark Lebwohl et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function by Vitamin D

(2015) Myriam Barragan et al.   Nutrients

Physical Means of Stratum Corneum Barrier Manipulation to Enhance Transdermal Drug Delivery

(2015) Rabinarayan Parhi et al.   Current Drug Delivery

The Impact of Vitamin D Levels on Inflammatory Status: A Systematic Review of Immune Cell Studies

(2015) Emily K. Calton et al.   PLoS One

The functional role of long non-coding RNAs and epigenetics

(2014) Jinneng Cao   BIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES ONLINE

The pathophysiological role of dendritic cell subsets in psoriasis

(2014) Tae-Gyun Kim et al.   BMB Reports

Solid lipid nanoparticles-loaded topical gel containing combination drugs: an approach to offset psoriasis

(2014) Rahul Sonawane et al.   Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

Evaluation of psoralen ethosomes for topical delivery in rats by using in vivo microdialysis

(2014) Yong-Tai Zhang et al.   International Journal of Nanomedicine

Comparison of ethosomes and liposomes for skin delivery of psoralen for psoriasis therapy

(2014) Yong-Tai Zhang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

Early intervention in psoriasis and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A hypothesis paper

(2014) G. Girolomoni et al.   JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL TREATMENT

Immunohistochemical expression of VDR is associated with reduced integrity of tight junction complex in psoriatic skin

(2014) B. Visconti et al.   JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY

Polymeric Micelle Nanocarriers for the Cutaneous Delivery of Tacrolimus: A Targeted Approach for the Treatment of Psoriasis

(2014) Maria Lapteva et al.   MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

CARD14 Expression in Dermal Endothelial Cells in Psoriasis

(2014) Jamie L. Harden et al.   PLoS One

Sequencing-based approach identified three new susceptibility loci for psoriasis

(2014) Yujun Sheng et al.   Nature Communications

The antimicrobial peptide LL37 is a T-cell autoantigen in psoriasis

(2014) Roberto Lande et al.   Nature Communications

Association of Anti-Acidic Ribosomal Protein P0 and Anti-Galectin 3 Antibodies With the Development of Skin Lesions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

(2014) Zhen-rui Shi et al.   Arthritis & Rheumatology

Transcription Factor STAT3 as a Novel Molecular Target for Cancer Prevention

(2014) Ailian Xiong et al.   Cancers

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis in the Regulation of Cutaneous Wound Repair

(2014) Kelly E. Johnson et al.   Advances in Wound Care

Long-term safety of ustekinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: final results from 5 years of follow-up

(2013) K.A. Papp et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY

Regulation of STAT signaling by acetylation

(2013) Shougang Zhuang   CELLULAR SIGNALLING

Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Anti-TWEAK Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

(2013) Nicolas Wisniacki et al.   CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS

A-1012G Promoter Polymorphism of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Is Associated with Psoriasis Risk and Lower Allele-Specific Expression

(2013) Antonio Giovanni Richetta et al.   DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY

S100A8-S100A9 Protein Complex Mediates Psoriasis by Regulating the Expression of Complement Factor C3

(2013) Helia B. Schonthaler et al.   IMMUNITY

Permeability and lipid organization of a novel psoriasis stratum corneum substitute

(2013) Line Hollesen Basse et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

Hyperbranched dendritic nano-carriers for topical delivery of dithranol

(2013) Udita Agrawal et al.   JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING

Efficacy of biologics in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with different time points

(2013) L. Puig et al.   JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY

A large-scale screen for coding variants predisposing to psoriasis

(2013) Huayang Tang et al.   NATURE GENETICS

Immunolocalization of the Tumor-Sensitive Calmodulin-Like Protein CALML3 in Normal Human Skin and Hyperproliferative Skin Disorders

(2013) Richard D. Bennett et al.   PLoS One

Karyopherin Alpha2 Is Essential for rRNA Transcription and Protein Synthesis in Proliferative Keratinocytes

(2013) Noriko Umegaki-Arao et al.   PLoS One

PSORS2 Is Due to Mutations in CARD14

(2012) Catherine T. Jordan et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS

Successful treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with the PEGylated Fab′ certolizumab pegol: results of a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a re-treatment extension

(2012) K. Reich et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY

STAT1 expression and activation is increased in lesional psoriatic skin

(2012) A. Hald et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY

TWEAK promotes the production of Interleukin-17 in rheumatoid arthritis

(2012) Jin-Sil Park et al.   CYTOKINE

Vitamin D Analog Calcipotriol Suppresses the Th17 Cytokine–Induced Proinflammatory S100 “Alarmins” Psoriasin (S100A7) and Koebnerisin (S100A15) in Psoriasis

(2012) Zuzana Hegyi et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Psoriasis in humans is associated with down-regulation of galectins in dendritic cells

(2012) H de la Fuente et al.   JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Deficiency of serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in psoriatic patients: A case-control study

(2012) Jacinto Orgaz-Molina et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY

Genetics: Deep exploration

(2012) Ken Garber   NATURE

Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity

(2012) Lam C Tsoi et al.   NATURE GENETICS

Targeting IL-17 and TH17 cells in chronic inflammation

(2012) Pierre Miossec et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of A3 adenosine receptor agonists

(2011) Pnina Fishman et al.   DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY

Significance of DC-LAMP and DC-SIGN expression in psoriasis vulgaris lesions

(2011) Ma Wei-yuan et al.   EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY

Galectin-3 and the skin

(2011) Larissa Larsen et al.   JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE

MiR-125b, a MicroRNA Downregulated in Psoriasis, Modulates Keratinocyte Proliferation by Targeting FGFR2

(2011) Ning Xu et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Treatment of plaque-type psoriasis with oral CF101: data from an exploratory randomized phase 2 clinical trial

(2011) M. David et al.   JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY

Current status and new developments in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with biological agents

(2010) Wolfgang Weger   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Glucocorticoid receptor cofactors as therapeutic targets

(2010) S Stoney Simons Jr   CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY

Increased serum TWEAK levels in Psoriatic arthritis: Relationship with disease activity and matrix metalloproteinase-3 serum levels

(2010) Liping Xia et al.   CYTOKINE

Topical drug delivery by a polymeric nanosphere gel: Formulation optimization and in vitro and in vivo skin distribution studies

(2010) Priya Batheja et al.   JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE

Genome-wide association study identifies a psoriasis susceptibility locus at TRAF3IP2

(2010) Eva Ellinghaus et al.   NATURE GENETICS

Targeting NF- B with a Natural Triterpenoid Alleviates Skin Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Psoriasis

(2009) H. Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Significance of the S100A4 Protein in Psoriasis

(2009) John R. Zibert et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY

Psoriasis genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility variants within LCE gene cluster at 1q21

(2009) Xue-Jun Zhang et al.   NATURE GENETICS

Deletion of the late cornified envelope LCE3B and LCE3C genes as a susceptibility factor for psoriasis

(2009) Rafael de Cid et al.   NATURE GENETICS

PPARδ Enhances Keratinocyte Proliferation in Psoriasis and Induces Heparin-Binding EGF-Like Growth Factor

(2007) Malgorzata Romanowska et al.   JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY