Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 86, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103660
Keywords
Vehicle exhaust pollution; Behavior health; Sex-differences; Inflammation; Oxidative stress
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [2R15MH093918-02]
- University of Houston
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The study found that male rats exposed to simulated vehicle exhaust emissions experienced adverse effects on cognition, emotions, and biochemical functions, while female rats did not show the same impacts.
Chronic exposure to vehicle exhaust emissions are known to cause several adverse health effects. In this study, we examined the impact of several parameters of behavioral, cardiovascular and biochemical functions upon exposure of pro-oxidants CO2, NO2 and CO (simulated vehicle exhaust exposure: SVEE) in male and female rats. Adult rats were subjected to SVEE or ambient air in whole body chambers (5 h/day, 2 weeks). Male, but not female, rats developed memory deficits, and exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behavior, accompanied with significantly high levels of serum corticosterone, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers (CRP and TNF alpha), associated with lower levels of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, glyoxalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Brain region-specific downregulation of Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, GSR, PKC alpha, ERK1/2, CaMKIV, CREB, BDNF and NMDAR subunit protein expression were also observed in male, but not female, rats. Blood pressure, heart rate and eGFR were not negatively impacted by SVEE. Our results suggest that SVEE, through its pro-oxidant content, induces oxido-inflammation in susceptible brain regions in a sex-dependent manner.
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