Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 55, Issue 15, Pages 10255-10267Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01337
Keywords
whole-house emission rates; indoor air quality; volatile organic compounds; emissions of volatile chemical products; atmospheric chemistry; surface emissions; aerosols; ventilation; personal care products
Categories
Funding
- NSF
- NSF GRFP [CBET-2011362, DGE1122492, DGE1752134, AGS-1764126]
- Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship
- NSF [CBET1554061]
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation [G-2018-11133, G-2015-14134]
- U.S. EPA's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [83575101]
- U.S. EPA
- U.S. EPA [RD835871]
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Detailed offline speciation of gas- and particle-phase organic compounds was conducted using gas/liquid chromatography with traditional and high-resolution mass spectrometers in a hybrid targeted/nontargeted analysis. Observations showed that indoor gas-phase organic compounds had higher abundances compared to outdoor environments and were strongly correlated with controlled emissions of tracer species. After ventilation, indoor emissions of volatile organic compounds doubled.
Detailed offline speciation of gas- and particle-phase organic compounds was conducted using gas/liquid chromatography with traditional and high-resolution mass spectrometers in a hybrid targeted/nontargeted analysis. Observations were focused on an unoccupied home and were compared to two other indoor sites. Observed gas-phase organic compounds span the volatile to semivolatile range, while functionalized organic aerosols extend from intermediate volatility to ultra-low volatility, including a mix of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfurcontaining species. Total gas-phase abundances of hydrocarbon and oxygenated gas-phase complex mixtures were elevated indoors and strongly correlated in the unoccupied home. While gas-phase concentrations of individual compounds generally decreased slightly with greater ventilation, their elevated ratios relative to controlled emissions of tracer species suggest that the dilution of gas-phase concentrations increases off-gassing from surfaces and other indoor reservoirs, with volatilitydependent responses to dynamically changing environmental factors. Indoor-outdoor emissions of gas-phase intermediate-volatility/semivolatile organic hydrocarbons from the unoccupied home averaged 6-11 mg h(-1), doubling with ventilation. While the largest single-compound emissions observed were furfural (61-275 mg h(-1)) and acetic acid, observations spanned a wide range of individual volatile chemical products (e.g., terpenoids, glycol ethers, phthalates, other oxygenates), highlighting the abundance of long-lived reservoirs resulting from prior indoor use or materials, and their gradual transport
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