Quantification of palladium in wastewater samples by matrix-matching calibration strategy assisted deep eutectic solvent based microextraction

An efficient, sensitive, and easy deep eutectic solvent based (DESb) liquid phase microextraction (LPME) method was developed to preconcentrate palladium for quantification at trace level by a flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) system, equipped with a lab made slotted quartz tube (SQT). All parameters of the DESb-LPME-SQT-FAAS system were optimized to lower the detection limit of the system. Using the optimized conditions, quantification and detection limits were obtained as 24.7 and 7.4 mu g L-1, respectively, which are compatible with the literature findings. Detection power of the FAAS system was enhanced by almost 50-fold using the optimum method based on LOD comparison. Recovery experiments were also performed with spiked wastewater matrix to examine the applicability/validity of the proposed method. The % recovery results were calculated between 85 and 91%. This established that the applicability of the developed method is high, and determination of this element in complex matrix can be performed accurately using the developed method.

Automated summary

An efficient and sensitive method using deep eutectic solvent based liquid phase microextraction (DESb-LPME) was developed for preconcentrating palladium for quantification by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The optimized method lowered the detection limit, enabling accurate determination of palladium in complex matrices with a recovery rate between 85% and 91%.