Journal
ENERGY
Volume 228, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120490
Keywords
Hydrogen; Water splitting; Electrolysis; Graphite; Microfluidics
Categories
Funding
- MeitY grant, Government of India [5(9)/2012-NANO]
- MHRD IMPRINT program, Government of India [8058]
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Microfluidic electrolyzers using graphite coated paper electrodes were successfully fabricated for electrolyzing sea water into hydrogen and oxygen. Integration of PV cells with graphite electrodes allowed for efficient electrolysis at a lower potential, while microchannels and microcapillaries enabled in situ separation of H-2 and O-2.
Microfluidic electrolyzers have been fabricated using graphite coated paper electrodes to electrolyze sea water into oxygen (O-2) and hydrogen (H-2) when integrated with a photovoltaic (PV) cell. The 'open' electrolyzer (OME) consists of a microchannel confined by a pair of graphite electrodes, which is drawn with the help of pencil tips. A sea water microdroplet has been dispensed at the junction of the electrodes while the PV cell is integrated to the electrodes to supply current. The microscale width of channel generates a high intensity electric field even at a lower potential, which facilitates the microdroplets to electrolyze into H-2 and O-2 near the cathode and anode. The rate of production of the gases increased with field intensity. In the 'close' electrolyzer (CME), the paper decorated with graphite electrodes is covered with a substrate embedded with polymeric microchannels. The microcapillaries are placed closer to the anode and cathode for in situ separation of H-2 and O-2. The economic, flexible, and metal-free microelectrolyzer facilitates the water-splitting at a much lower applied voltage at an efficiency of 1-2%. Use of multiple separation channels in CME for production and separation of H-2 and O-2 shows the potential for micro-very-large-scale-integration (mu-VLSI). (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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