☆ 4.8 Review

Strategies for sustainable palladium catalysis

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS (2021)

Journal

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS

Volume 442, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA

DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213925

Keywords

Palladium; Catalysis; Sustainability; Low-loading; Recovery; Reusable catalysts

Funding

EPSRC Centre for Doctoral training in Next Generation Synthesis and Reaction Technology [EP/S023232/1]

Ask authors/readers for more resources

Protocol

Community support

Reagent

Community support

Automated Summary New
Abstract

Palladium is essential in modern synthetic chemistry, catalytic converters, and electronic equipment. The unsustainable consumption of palladium through mining has led to increased financial and environmental costs. Approaches such as low-loading catalysis, recyclable catalysts, and palladium recovered from secondary sources are being explored to address this issue and move towards more sustainable use of the critical metal.

Palladium is established both as an indispensable metal in modern synthetic chemistry and as a key component in catalytic converters and electronic equipment. The unrelenting demand for this metal increases both the financial and environmental cost, through mining, of this metal, rendering consumption unsustainable in its current form. This review provides a critical survey of the main approaches being pursued to address this issue, including low-loading catalysis, recyclable catalysts and the use of palladium recovered from secondary sources. The literature discussed herein reveals that catalysts that operate at low loadings are an attractive, sustainable option for many transformations, even when compared to catalyst systems that can be reused multiple times. Both low-loading and reusable catalysts depend on a finite natural supply of palladium, making the development of catalysts based on metal recovered from end-of-life materials (urban mining) a promising field of research. The way in which low-loading is achieved in different catalyst designs influences the choice of reaction temperature and solvent, which has additional environmental implications. Such factors are discussed for a wide range of systems alongside reaction and substrate scope, supported by extensive supplementary information. The survey aims to provide an insight into the relative merits of the approaches being explored and how the field of palladium-based catalysis might progress towards more sustainable use of this critical metal. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Authors

I am an author on this paper

Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.8

Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty

Significance

Scientific rigor

Rate this paper

Mechanically Robust Hybrid Gel Beads Loaded with Naked Palladium Nanoparticles as Efficient, Reusable, and Sustainable Catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction

Matteo Albino, Thomas J. Burden, Carmen C. Piras, Adrian C. Whitwood, Ian J. S. Fairlamb, David K. Smith

Summary: The increase in demand and low abundance of palladium pose a significant threat to its future availability, making research into sustainable palladium-based technologies crucial. This study reports the development of Pd scavenging hybrid gel beads composed of agarose and a low-molecular-weight gelator based on DBS-CONHNH2. These mechanically robust gel beads exhibit potential as practical catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, demonstrating good reusability, green metrics, and improved reaction times compared to previous examples. The leaching of palladium is almost completely eliminated and a detailed investigation explains how the nanoparticles are formed in situ. These ligand-free gel beads can be considered as robust nonligated heterogeneous PdNP catalysts with potential for the development of easily used chemical reaction systems.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2023)