MicroRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis: from the perspective of the radiation oncologist

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRs), small sequences of RNA regulating various cellular processes, are implicated to play cancer (NSCLC), specifically relating to tumor invasion and metastasis to lymphatics and/or distant organs, which can often be correlated with overall prognosis. Areas covered: There exists strong evidence that presence of several miR combinations correlates with prognosis in both early-and advanced-stage NSCLCs. Principally, miR alterations could be useful in enhancing current imaging-based methods to more accurately estimate the extent of invasion/metastases. Expert Commentary: Despite the immature nature of this subject, its large ramifications on clinical oncology are clearly evident. Based on miR signature-related stratification, radiotherapy could be potentially personalized beyond current treatment standards.