Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lingjun Zeng, Qing Bao, Xiaofei Wu, Bian He, Jing Yang, Tingfang Wang, Yimin Liu, Guoxiong Wu, Yangke Liu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of humidity initialization on the prediction of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). It finds that accurate humidity initialization can improve MJO prediction skill by more than five days, reaching up to 23 days under real-time forcing. This finding has significant implications for weather forecasting and short-term climate predictions.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jonathan A. Weyn, Dale R. Durran, Rich Caruana, Nathaniel Cresswell-Clay
Summary: The study presents an ensemble prediction system using a computationally efficient Deep Learning Weather Prediction (DLWP) model to recursively predict key atmospheric variables with good skill globally. The model performs well in simulating mid-latitude weather systems and generating tropical cyclones, showing decent predictive capabilities.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zouxing Lin, Zhiyan Zuo, Huan Wang, Qinglong You, Dong Xiao, Kaiwen Zhang, Liang Qiao
Summary: This study investigates the role of winter soil moisture in influencing summer thermal anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that higher (lower) winter soil moisture leads to warmer (cooler) atmospheric temperatures in the subsequent summer. This is due to the increased (decreased) atmospheric water vapor, strengthening (weakening) downward longwave radiation and atmospheric latent heat release.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chang-Kyun Park, Sangeun Lee, Hyuncheol Yoon, Jonghun Kam
Summary: This study investigates the meteorological drought caused by cumulative precipitation deficits in the southwestern Korean Peninsula since early spring 2022 and predicts the sub-seasonal and seasonal outlooks of the drought using probabilistic and climate model-based forecasts. The results show that both springtime and summertime precipitation deficits in 2022 contribute equally to the ongoing drought, with the six-month accumulated precipitation deficit being a key driver. At least 80, 150, and 210 mm of precipitation are required for recovery in March, April, and May 2023, respectively.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hongyi Li, Ziniu Xiao, Junhong Wei, Ge Wang
Summary: Using data from the TIPEX III experiment, this study analyzed the seasonal and diurnal variations of soil moisture at different depths in seven stations on the Tibetan Plateau. The analysis focused on the differences in soil moisture between sites and the synergistic relationship between soil moisture and temperature. The study found significant variations in soil moisture with seasons and depths, as well as differences in soil moisture distribution between sites. These findings provide observational evidence for validating satellite data and parameterizing soil moisture models in the Tibetan Plateau.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lei Xu, Hongchu Yu, Zeqiang Chen, Wenying Du, Nengcheng Chen, Min Huang
Summary: Surface soil moisture (SSM) and root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) are important hydrological variables for agricultural water management and vegetation growth. The accuracy of SSM and RZSM prediction at sub-seasonal scales is valuable for water management in agriculture. Current weather model-based predictions of soil moisture have uncertainties, while data-driven machine learning methods lack consideration of soil water process for modeling long-term temporal dependence. Hence, we combine the model-based soil moisture predictions from a sub-seasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) model with a data-driven stacked deep learning model to develop a hybrid SSM and RZSM forecasting framework.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiqiang Wang, Rensheng Chen
Summary: This study investigates the heat exchange between the shallow soil layer and the atmosphere over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using a reanalysis dataset. It evaluates the performance of four widely used reanalysis data products in estimating Delta T and selects the ERA5-Land product for further analysis. The study reveals the spatial and temporal variations of Delta T on the plateau and provides important information for understanding land-atmosphere thermal interactions and their impacts on regional ecological diversity, hydrology, agriculture, and infrastructure stability.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Can Zhang, Cheng Zhao, Shi-Yong Yu, Xiangdong Yang, Jun Cheng, Xiaojian Zhang, Bin Xue, Ji Shen, Fahu Chen
Summary: The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most sensitive areas to global climate changes. Research shows that the warming during the Last Deglaciation was primarily driven by rising atmospheric greenhouse gases, while Holocene temperature changes were mainly controlled by local seasonal insolation and additional radiative forcing of greenhouse gases.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haiting Gu, Yue-Ping Xu, Li Liu, Jingkai Xie, Lu Wang, Suli Pan, Yuxue Guo
Summary: This study introduces a model for accurately estimating terrestrial water storage change and characterizing catchment memory processes and durations. The results indicate that precipitation-dominated basins are mainly controlled by precipitation, while non-precipitation-dominated basins are strongly influenced by temperature. Quantifying catchment memory can provide lead times for seasonal streamflow forecasts and water resource management.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mingshan Deng, Xianhong Meng, Yaqiong Lu, Zhaoguo Li, Lin Zhao, Zeyong Hu, Hao Chen, Lunyu Shang, Shaoying Wang, Qian Li
Summary: Soil water and heat transfer modeling in high-altitude cold regions is complex, and this study conducted sensitivity tests and combination experiments using CLM5.0 to improve simulation performance. The SP7 experiment showed the best performances in simulating soil water and heat transfer on the Tibetan Plateau, especially in reducing bias and improving the simulation of soil freezing-thawing processes. Compared to the default simulation, SP7 significantly reduced biases and improved correlation coefficients for soil moisture and temperature.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andreas F. Prein, Erin Towler, Ming Ge, Dagmar Llewellyn, Sarah Baker, Shana Tighi, Lucas Barrett
Summary: North American Monsoon (NAM) rainfall, which contributes up to 80% of the annual precipitation in the United States Southwest, is highly variable and lacks skillful predictions. However, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast's model can forecast NAM season precipitation months in advance by identifying the frequency of days with synoptic-scale moisture advection into the NAM region, improving predictability compared to other systems.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Junchen Yao, Xiangwen Liu, Tongwen Wu, Jinghui Yan, Qiaoping Li, Weihua Jie
Summary: As part of the S2S Prediction Project, the China Meteorological Administration has tested different versions of the BCC-CSM model to predict the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). The study found that the newer high-resolution BCC-CSM model outperforms its predecessors in simulating MJO characteristics. However, there was no significant improvement in MJO prediction skill between the different model versions. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for continued improvement in model physics to better predict the MJO.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yufeng Zhao, Yingying Yao, Huijun Jin, Bin Cao, Yue Hu, Youhua Ran, Yihang Zhang
Summary: Permafrost thickness on the Tibetan Plateau has been quantified based on earth system models and validated by field observations and remote sensing data. The study shows that permafrost thicker than 10 meters covers 0.97 million square kilometers of the plateau, representing over 36.49% of the total area. The average permafrost thickness between 1851 and 2014 was 43.20 meters, and it is projected to decrease at varying rates under different climate scenarios.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zouxing Lin, Zhiyan Zuo, Renhe Zhang, Dong Xiao, Qinglong You, Liang Qiao
Summary: This study reveals a significant positive relationship between winter and subsequent summer surface air temperatures (SATs) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The persistence of the soil enthalpy (SE) process plays a crucial role in preserving winter SAT signals until summer, resulting in homogeneous SAT anomalies in summer. This research provides a new perspective for understanding the TP climate.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Joshua Talib, Christopher M. Taylor, Anmin Duan, Andrew G. Turner
Summary: Substantial intraseasonal precipitation variability is observed across the Tibetan Plateau during boreal summer, with sensitivity of soil moisture and surface fluxes to this variability, influencing surface heat flux and circulation. The decreased soil moisture induces a heat low, leading to circulation anomalies that affect temperature and precipitation patterns across East Asia.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuan Qiu, Jinming Feng, Zhongwei Yan, Jun Wang, Zhen Li
Summary: Through the application of bias-corrected climate models in Central Asia, the study shows that the region will experience significant warming in the coming decades, with increased heatwave frequency and precipitation, highlighting the importance of robust climate change projections for future risk assessment.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ying Han, Meng-Zhuo Zhang, Zhongfeng Xu, Weidong Guo
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of 33 CMIP6 models in simulating climate variables such as tropical cyclones, finding that most models overestimate mid-level humidity in almost all tropical oceans, and that an increase in model horizontal resolution can improve simulations.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuan QIU, Jinming FENG, Zhongwei YAN, Jun WANG
Summary: This study examines the potential impacts of climate change on agriculture in Central Asia. Six agroclimatic indicators were calculated based on dynamical downscaled results from three global climate models. Results show significant increases in growing season length, summer days, warm spell duration index, and tropical nights, while frost days are projected to decrease. These findings provide a scientific basis for assessing future risks to local agriculture and planning adaptation and mitigation actions for food security in the region.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jinlin Zha, Cheng Shen, Deming Zhao, Jinming Feng, Zhongfeng Xu, Jian Wu, Wenxuan Fan, Meng Luo, Liya Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the contributions of external forcing and internal climate variability to the summer surface air temperature changes in East Asia from 1958 to 2001. The results show that external forcing mainly leads to warming, while internal climate variability mainly leads to cooling in East Asia. Additionally, external forcing influences decadal changes in surface air temperature, while internal climate variability influences interannual changes.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Meng Luo, Jinming Feng, Zhongfeng Xu, Jun Wang, Li Dan
Summary: In the late 1920's, China experienced a six-year-long mega-drought, leading to widespread crop failure and famine. This drought was primarily caused by internal variability, with influences from the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and Indian Ocean Basin Mode.
SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ying Lung Liu, Chi-Yung Tam, Hang Wai Tong, Kevin Cheung, Zhongfeng Xu
Summary: The Regional Climate Model system version 4 (RegCM4) was used to downscale outputs from four different general circulation models (GCM) to study changes in the hydrological cycle of Southern China. The study found increased interannual rainfall variability in periods of wetter boreal spring and summer. Additionally, extreme daily precipitation is projected to become more intense, while the number of consecutive dry days in autumn is expected to increase.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Shizheng Zhang, Hao Xu, Xing Xu, Wenqing Wei, Jieru Ren, Benzheng Chen, Bubo Ma, Zhongmin Hu, Fangfang Li, Lirong Liu, Mingzhe Yang, Zeyu Lai, Hongwei Yue, Jie Xiong, Zhongfeng Xu, Yanhong Chen, Zhao Wang, Zexian Zhou, Lulin Shi, Rui Cheng, Zhigang Deng, Wei Qi, Weimin Zhou, Guanchao Zhao, Bing Liu, Di Luo, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann, Yongtao Zhao
Summary: In this experiment, a low-energy proton measurement was conducted using a high-voltage platform at the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, to test the capability of CR-39 track detectors for cross-section measurements and to remeasure the cross-section of the B-11(p,alpha)2 alpha reaction near the first resonance. The obtained cross-section was found to be 45.6 ± 12.5 mb at around 156 keV, confirming the feasibility of using CR-39 track detectors for nuclear reaction measurements in low-energy regions.
LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jieru Ren, Bubo Ma, Lirong Liu, Wenqing Wei, Benzheng Chen, Shizheng Zhang, Hao Xu, Zhongmin Hu, Fangfang Li, Xing Wang, Shuai Yin, Jianhua Feng, Xianming Zhou, Yifang Gao, Yuan Li, Xiaohua Shi, Jianxing Li, Xueguang Ren, Zhongfeng Xu, Zhigang Deng, Wei Qi, Shaoyi Wang, Quanping Fan, Bo Cui, Weiwu Wang, Zongqiang Yuan, Jian Teng, Yuchi Wu, Zhurong Cao, Zongqing Zhao, Yuqiu Gu, Leifeng Cao, Shaoping Zhu, Rui Cheng, Yu Lei, Zhao Wang, Zexian Zhou, Guoqing Xiao, Hongwei Zhao, Dieter H. H. Hoffmann, Weimin Zhou, Yongtao Zhao
Summary: We report on the charge state measurements of laser-accelerated carbon ions penetrating a dense partially ionized plasma. The average charge states passing through the plasma are higher than predicted due to the target density effects. This finding is important for heavy ion beam driven high-energy-density physics and fast ignitions.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fang Huang, Zhongfeng Xu, Weidong Guo, Jinming Feng, Liang Chen, Hui Zheng, Congbin Fu
Summary: This study separates internal variability from external forcing in the inter-decadal transition of annual precipitation in North and South China using dynamical downscaling simulations. The results show that internal variability accounts for 65% and 55% of the inter-decadal transition of annual precipitation in South and North China, respectively, while external forcing accounts for 70% of the warming trend in eastern China.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zhi-Wei Lu, Xin-Di Hou, Feng Wan, Yousef I. Salamin, Chong Lv, Bo Zhang, Fei Wang, Zhong-Feng Xu, Jian-Xing Li
Summary: The rapid development of ultrafast ultraintense laser technology provides opportunities for studying strong-field physics under extreme conditions. Accurate determination of laser pulse characteristics remains a challenge, especially for high laser powers. In this study, we propose a machine learning-assisted model that utilizes the radiative spin-flip effect to diagnose ultrafast ultraintense laser characteristics. The model accurately predicts pulse duration, peak intensity, and focal radius with relative errors of 0.1%-10%.
MATTER AND RADIATION AT EXTREMES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yongkang Xue, Ismaila Diallo, Aaron A. Boone, Yang Zhang, Xubin Zeng, William K. M. Lau, J. David Neelin, Tandong Yao, Qi Tang, Tomonori Sato, Myung-Seo Koo, Frederic Vitart, Constantin Ardilouze, Subodh K. Saha, Stefano Materia, Zhaohui Lin, Yuhei Takaya, Jing Yang, Tetsu Nakamura, Xin Qi, Yi Qin, Paulo Nobre, Retish Senan, Hailan Wang, Hongliang Zhang, Mei Zhao, Hara Prasad Nayak, Yan Pan, Xiaoduo Pan, Jinming Feng, Chunxiang Shi, Shaocheng Xie, Michael A. Brunke, Qing Bao, Marcus Jorge Bottino, Tianyi Fan, Songyou Hong, Yanluan Lin, Daniele Peano, Yanling Zhan, Carlos R. Mechoso, Xuejuan Ren, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Sin Chan Chou, Patricia de Rosnay, Peter J. van Oevelen, Daniel Klocke, Michael Ek, Xin Li, Weidong Guo, Yuejian Zhu, Jianping Tang, Xin-Zhong Liang, Yun Qian, Ping Zhao
Summary: This paper presents a new method for improving the prediction of summer droughts/floods in various regions around the world by utilizing information on spring land surface temperature/subsurface temperature anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau. The study shows that considering the effects of Tibetan Plateau LST/SUBT can account for 25-50% of observed precipitation anomalies in most hotspot regions. It also discusses the mechanisms behind the 2003 drought in the southern part of the Yangtze River Basin.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jing Peng, Kai Li, Li Dan, Xiba Tang, Zhongfeng Xu, Liwei Zou, Hui Zheng, Taotao Zhang
Summary: The offshore region of East Asia plays a crucial role in recycling precipitation in a warming climate. A reduction in precipitation caused by sea-air coupling has been identified, mainly due to factors such as upward solar radiation and decreased evaporation. While the decrease in precipitation will be partially alleviated under future conditions, the overall influence of sea-air coupling on precipitation patterns in East Asia will persist, especially in eastern China.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Optics
Shaokui Jia, Jiaqi Zhou, Xing Wang, Xiaorui Xue, Xintai Hao, Qingrui Zeng, Yongtao Zhao, Zhongfeng Xu, Alexander Dorn, Xueguang Ren
Summary: In this study, electron-impact ionization of nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) molecules was experimentally investigated using a cold target recoil ion momentum spectrometer (COLTRIMS). The momentum vectors and kinetic energies of the final-state particles were determined by detecting the recoil ion in coincidence with one outgoing electron. The ionization cross sections for doubly and singly charged parent ions were measured as a function of the incident electron energy. The ionization mechanisms of N2 and O2 molecules were directly evidenced by obtaining the projectile energy-loss spectra correlated to the final-state ions.
Article
Optics
Yue Gao, Yi Pan, Shenyue Xu, Kai-Chung Lau, Hang Yuan, Zhenyu Yan, Dalong Guo, Dongmei Zhao, Xiaolong Zhu, Shuncheng Yan, Shaofeng Zhang, Zhongfeng Xu, Xinwen Ma
Summary: The three-body fragmentation of C2H23+ to H+ + C+ + CH+ resulting from CH and CC bond breaking is studied under 50-keV/u Ne8+ impact. All three fragments are detected in coincidence with a scattered projectile (either Ne7+ or Ne6+) using a reaction microscope, and their momentum vectors and kinetic energies are obtained. Four distinct structures are observed in the energy correlation spectra, indicating multiple fragmentation mechanisms contributing to the H+ + C+ + CH+ channel. Newton diagrams and Dalitz plots are used to trace these fragmentation mechanisms. It is found that both concerted fragmentation and sequential pathways involving CH bond breaking prior to CC contribute to this channel. The possible electronic states of the C2H23+ precursor that contribute to the identified fragmentation mechanisms are analyzed using quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, the influence of collision dynamics between the projectile and target on the dissociation mechanisms is discussed by comparing the contributions from the T1I2 channel and the reversed T2I1 channel, where one electron is transferred while ionizing the other two. The T2I1 channel is observed to be more efficient in initiating fragmentation mechanisms with higher kinetic energy release.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yuan Qiu, Jinming Feng, Zhongwei Yan, Jun Wang
Summary: Central Asia is recognized as a climate change hot spot due to its fragile ecosystems, frequent natural hazards, strained water resources, and accelerated glacier melting. This study presents a high-resolution climate projection dataset for the region, which can be used to assess the potential impacts of future climate changes on ecological and hydrological systems.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)