Journal
CHEMCATCHEM
Volume 13, Issue 15, Pages 3461-3469Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100489
Keywords
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural; Hydrogenation; Etherification; 2; 5-Bis(ethoxymethyl)furan; Bifunctional catalyst
Categories
Funding
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LR16B030001, LQ19B060002, LY19B030003]
- Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS [QYZDB-SSW-JSC037]
- K. C. Wong Education Foundation [rczx0800]
- Fujian Institute of Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences [FJCXY18020202]
- Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology [2019B10096, 2019A610029, 2018B10056]
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program [2021C01062]
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The efficient conversion of HMF to BEMF was achieved using Cu-loaded hierarchically structured ZSM-5 catalysts. The main reaction pathway involved hydrogenation and etherification steps. The catalyst prepared using the ammonia evaporation method showed higher performance and stability compared to the catalyst prepared by conventional impregnation method.
The highly-efficient conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)furan (BEMF) was achieved over the copper-loaded hierarchically structured ZSM-5 (Cu/HSZ) catalysts in the continuous fixed-bed reactor. The main reaction path for BEMF synthesis on the Cu/HSZ catalysts was confirmed as following: HMF was firstly hydrogenated to BHMF intermediates over metal sites and then the formed BHMF was etherified by acid sites. Benefiting from the ammonia evaporation (AE) method promoted the dispersion of copper and reduced the acidity, the Cu/HSZ-AE catalyst exhibited more excellent BEMF yield and stability than the catalyst prepared by conventional incipient-wetness impregnation (Cu/HSZ-IW). Indeed, the inactivation of Cu/HSZ-IW catalyst was mainly attributed to the deactivation of copper by carbon species deposition.
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