Article
Sport Sciences
Andrew H. Ramsook, Michele R. Schaeffer, Reid A. Mitchell, Satvir S. Dhillon, Kathryn M. Milne, Olivia N. Ferguson, Joseph H. Puyat, Michael S. Koehle, A. William Sheel, Jordan A. Guenette
Summary: The study found that both females and males experience a decrease in diaphragm voluntary activation (D-VA) and transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (P-di,P-TW) after whole-body exercise, but the decrease is significantly less in females compared to males.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Antonella Cano, Lucia Ventura, Gianluca Martinez, Lucia Cugusi, Marcello Caria, Franca Deriu, Andrea Manca
Summary: The study explored sex-based differences in energy substrate utilization during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, with men displaying greater reliance on carbohydrates while women rely more on lipids. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed in athletes, and further mechanistically driven research is needed, especially for protein sources, which are less investigated.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Benjamin J. Ryan, Nisha Charkoudian, Michael J. Joyner
Summary: In recent years, there have been many new approaches to improve physical performance for athletes, the military, and other applications. The goal of this discussion is to review and quantify the potential impact of these approaches using physiological insights. The evaluation ranges from transformative to ineffective or undetermined. For example, an increase of arterial oxygen partial pressure by 10% may not have a significant impact on healthy individuals at sea level, but it could be beneficial at high altitude or for certain patient populations. The importance of quantitative evaluation and the role of integrative physiologists in appraising these approaches are highlighted.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Dawson R. Kropp, Georgia E. Hodes
Summary: Depression is a heterogenous disorder with different symptoms across individuals. In some cases, alterations of the immune system are associated with depression onset and symptoms. Women have a higher likelihood of developing depression and a more sensitive immune system compared to men. Sex differences in pattern recognition receptors, release of damage-associated molecular patterns, cell populations, and circulating cytokines contribute to inflammation onset. These immune response differences may explain the higher rate of depression in women.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Etore De Favari Signini, Alex Castro, Patricia Rehder-Santos, Juliana Cristina Millan-Mattos, Juliana Magalhaes de Oliveira, Vinicius Minatel, Camila Bianca Falasco Pantoni, Heloisa Sobreiro Selistre de Araujo, Fernando Fabrizzi, Alberto Porta, Antonio Gilberto Ferreira, Regina Vincenzi Oliveira, Aparecida Maria Catai
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the integrated changes that occur in the metabolome, cardiac autonomic modulation, and cardiorespiratory fitness throughout aging in apparently healthy individuals. The results suggest significant changes in the metabolome, cardiac autonomic modulation, and cardiorespiratory fitness after the age of sixty as a consequence of aging impairments, but with some changes in the metabolic profile that may be favorable to mitigate the aging deleterious effects.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Quentin Schull, Anais Beauvieux, Vincent A. Viblanc, Luisa Metral, Lina Leclerc, Diego Romero, Fabrice Pernet, Claudie Quere, Dominique Munaron, Christopher W. McKindsey, Claire Saraux, Jerome Bourjea
Summary: By using an integrative approach, we tested the direct and indirect causal pathways through which environmental stressors affect the stress response of wild gilthead seabream in Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Our results showed that 54% of fish stress response can be explained by variables such as lagoon features, fish age, fish diet, fish reserve, fish structure, and fish contaminant load.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Biology
Manuel Spitschan, Nayantara Santhi, Amrita Ahluwalia, Dorothee Fischer, Lilian Hunt, Natasha A. Karp, Francis Levi, Ines Pineda-Torra, Parisa Vidafar, Rhiannon White
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that sex differences have a significant impact on various aspects of human biology. This review focuses on exploring the influence of sex on the circadian and sleep physiology of humans and identifies a data gap in investigating the non-visual effects of light. A virtual workshop on the biomedical implications of sex differences in sleep and circadian physiology highlights the need for inclusive and accessible research design, recruitment strategies to achieve a balanced sample size, utilization of data visualization to understand the influence of sex, statistical analyses that incorporate sex as a factor, and making participant-level data open for future meta-analytic efforts.
Review
Physiology
Line Norregaard Olsen, Mads Fischer, Phillip Adrian Evans, Lasse Gliemann, Ylva Hellsten
Summary: Arterial thrombosis is a leading cause of death worldwide, with risk factors including smoking, unhealthy diet, and lack of physical activity. Exercise has benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk, but high-intensity exercise may increase the risk of thrombosis, especially in individuals with lifestyle-related diseases. Additional studies on the role of exercise, using valid biomarkers, are needed to further understand its impact on thrombosis susceptibility.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kelsey J. Santisteban, Andrew T. Lovering, John R. Halliwill, Christopher T. Minson
Summary: Women's participation in marathon races has increased over time, but a performance gap still exists compared to men in all distances. Despite advancements in sports performance research, female athletes remain underrepresented. By studying female physiology and sex differences, we can improve endurance exercise performance in women.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric David Ornos, Leslie Faye Cando, Charlene Divine Catral, Elgin Paul Quebral, Ourlad Alzeus Tantengco, Ma. Veronica Pia Arevalo, Edward Christopher Dee
Summary: This article discusses the gender differences in cancer incidence among Asian populations and analyzes the molecular associations that may contribute to these differences. The study found differences in sex characteristics at the cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic levels, including processes such as cell cycle, oncogenesis, and metastasis. Larger-scale clinical and in vitro studies can confirm the associations of these molecular markers. In-depth studies of these markers can reveal their importance as diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutic efficacy markers. Gender differences should be considered when designing new cancer therapeutics in the era of precision medicine.
Article
Neurosciences
Kanika Gupta, Sumantra Chattarji
Summary: This study demonstrates that acute stress has delayed effects on synaptic transmission in the lateral amygdala (LA) neurons of male rats, but not in female rats. Additionally, male rats exhibit delayed increase in anxiety-like behavior after acute stress, while female rats do not show this delayed effect. These findings suggest that there are differences in synaptic plasticity and behavioral responses to stress between male and female rats.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Andrew M. Alexander, Logan M. Hurla, Kaylin D. Didier, Shane M. Hammer, Korynne S. Rollins, Thomas J. Barstow
Summary: Extreme-intensity exercise leads to greater reduction in neuromuscular function in males compared to females, indicated by lower maximal voluntary contraction and potentiated twitch force. However, there were no sex differences in the magnitude of extreme-intensity exercise.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Julieta Ramos-Loyo, Andres A. Gonzalez-Garrido, Luis A. Llamas-Alonso, Henrique Sequeira
Summary: This article reviews the literature on sex differences in brain electrical activity during cognitive processing and explores their potential relationship with behavioral performance. The review finds that there are sex differences in brain electrical activity during cognitive processing, particularly in characteristics such as hemispheric specialization, scalp topography, amplitudes of event-related potential components, temporal dynamics, and connectivity patterns. However, further research is needed to draw reasonable conclusions about the relationship between behavioral manifestations of cognitive functions and underlying brain dynamics.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Dean S. Picone, Vimarsha Kodithuwakku, Christopher C. Mayer, Niamh Chapman, Sabah Rehman, Rachel E. Climie
Summary: Cardiovascular disease differs between men and women, and there is a lack of research and diagnosis specifically for women. Physiological differences in heart and vascular structure, blood pressure, and blood flow exist between women and men, which may contribute to the gender disparity in cardiovascular disease.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Bruno Archiza, Michael G. Leahy, Shalaya Kipp, A. William Sheel
Summary: This review summarizes current research findings on sex-based differences in pulmonary physiology during exercise, covering how morphological sex-based differences of the respiratory system affect the respiratory response to exercise, physiological integrative responses to exercise, and how these differences can influence breathing regulation. Additionally, it briefly discusses ventilatory changes observed during exercise in pregnancy and menopause.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Bruno Archiza, Paige A. Reinhard, Joseph F. Welch, A. William Sheel
Summary: Under normoxic conditions, healthy men and women show similar levels of diaphragmatic fatigue when matched for inspiratory work; however, in acute hypoxia, women exhibit greater diaphragm fatigue compared to men.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Letter
Physiology
Andrew H. Ramsook, Carli M. Peters, Michael G. Leahy, Bruno Archiza, Reid A. Mitchell, Tin Jasinovic, Michael S. Koehle, Jordan A. Guenette, Andrew William Sheel
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Reid A. Mitchell, Scott T. Apperley, Satvir S. Dhillon, Julia Zhang, Kyle G. Boyle, Andrew H. Ramsook, Michele R. Schaeffer, Kathryn M. Milne, Yannick Molgat-Seon, A. William Sheel, Jordan A. Guenette
Summary: This case report describes a 59-year-old female 4 years post-left-sided extrapleural pneumonectomy who underwent incremental cycling testing and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) for 12 weeks. Results showed that IMT effectively increased respiratory muscle strength.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Carli M. Peters, Michael G. Leahy, Geoffrey Hohert, Pierre Lane, Stephen Lam, Don D. Sin, Donald C. McKenzie, Andrew William Sheel
Summary: Sex differences in airway luminal area result in a greater resistive work of breathing during exercise in females compared with males. Females tend to have smaller airway luminal areas than males in the fourth to sixth airway generations, potentially leading to higher resistance during high-intensity exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Sarah A. Angus, William R. Henderson, Mohammad M. Banoei, Yannick Molgat-Seon, Carli M. Peters, Hanna R. Parmar, Donald E. G. Griesdale, Mypinder Sekhon, Andrew William Sheel, Brent W. Winston, Paolo B. Dominelli
Summary: Therapeutic hypothermia can reduce injury and inflammation associated with experimentally induced short-term ARDS. Gas exchange was not affected. The hypothermic injured group showed a reduction in pro-inflammatory metabolites, an increase in anti-inflammatory metabolites, and a reduction in inflammatory cytokines compared to the normothermic injured group.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Cameron M. Gee, Alexandra M. Williams, Carli M. Peters, Neil D. Eves, Andrew W. Sheel, Christopher R. West
Summary: Cervical spinal cord injury negatively affects cardiac and respiratory function, particularly with greater expiratory positive pressure. Inspiratory loading does not significantly improve left ventricular function in cervical spinal cord injury patients, and neither inspiratory nor expiratory loading affects cardiac function or lung volumes in healthy participants.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shalaya Kipp, Michael G. Leahy, Jacob A. Hanna, A. William Sheel
Summary: Dyspnea and leg discomfort during exercise can be influenced by expectations, while perceived exertion (RPE) remains unchanged. The effect of expectations must be considered when interpreting sensations of breathlessness.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Emily A. M. Gerson, Paolo B. Dominelli, Michael G. Leahy, Shalaya Kipp, Jordan A. Guenette, Bruno Archiza, Andrew William Sheel
Summary: Ventilatory assist during exercise can reduce the work and electrical activity of the diaphragm, which is important for exercise training studies aiming to reduce diaphragm work in patients with cardiopulmonary disease.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Brooke M. Shafer, Massimo Nardone, Anthony V. Incognito, Tyler D. Vermeulen, Andre L. Teixeira, Philip J. Millar, A. William Sheel, Chris West, Najib Ayas, Glen E. Foster
Summary: Post-hypoxia sympathoexcitation reduces vascular tone and diminishes sympathetic signalling. Blunted sympathetic transduction during acute hypoxia is confirmed, and the effects of hypoxia on the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and action potential (AP) activity are examined. It is found that MAP changes are blunted during acute hypoxia but restored in recovery, and asynchronous APs elicit smaller MAP changes compared to synchronous APs.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael G. G. Leahy, Shalaya Kipp, Jenna M. M. Benbaruj, Nisha Charkoudian, Glen E. E. Foster, Michael S. S. Koehle, A. William Sheel
Summary: The effects of ageing and female sex hormones on the respiratory muscle metaboreflex are unclear. Our study found that older adults have a heightened pressor response to inspiratory work, and there is no difference in this response between older males and post-menopause females.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Andrew H. H. Ramsook, Michele R. R. Schaeffer, Reid A. A. Mitchell, Satvir S. S. Dhillon, Kathryn M. M. Milne, Olivia N. N. Ferguson, Joseph H. H. Puyat, Michael S. S. Koehle, A. William Sheel, Jordan A. A. Guenette
Summary: The impact of neural mechanisms on diaphragm fatigability following inspiratory pressure threshold loading (IPTL) was investigated in males and females. The study found that while there were differences in diaphragm fatigability between males and females after training, there was no significant difference in diaphragm fatigability between the sexes. The results suggest that neural mechanisms contribute to diaphragm fatigability and this contribution is similar between males and females following IPTL.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Paige A. Reinhard, Bruno Archiza, Joseph F. Welch, Jenna Benbaruj, Jordan A. Guenette, Michael S. Koehle, A. William Sheel
Summary: In this study, it was found that healthy males and females developed similar levels of diaphragm fatigue following cycling exercise at the same relative intensity, despite females having longer cycling time. Additionally, females showed slower recovery from diaphragm fatigue in hypoxia compared to males.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yannick Molgat-Seon, Mathieu A. T. Sawatzky, Paolo B. Dominelli, Miranda Kirby, Jordan A. Guenette, Jean Bourbeau, Wan C. Tan, A. William Sheel
Summary: In healthy adults, females have a lower airway-to-lung ratio and experience higher exertional dyspnoea compared to males. However, the study findings suggest that sex differences in airway size do not contribute significantly to the differences in exertional dyspnoea between males and females.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah A. Angus, Joshua L. Taylor, Leah M. Mann, Alexandra M. Williams, Eric J. Stoehr, Jason S. Au, Andrew William Sheel, Paolo B. Dominelli
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of respiration on cardiac output during semi-supine cycle exercise. The results showed that attenuating intrathoracic pressure swings can reduce left ventricular preload and ejection.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Shalaya Kipp, Michael Leahy, Jacob Hanna, A. William Sheel
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
