Article
Agricultural Engineering
Renisha Karki, Wachiranon Chuenchart, K. C. Surendra, Shihwu Sung, Lutgarde Raskin, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: Anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of coffee pulp, cattle manure, food waste, and dewatered sewage sludge were evaluated using biochemical methane potential tests. Mono-digestion of coffee pulp and food waste yielded higher methane yields compared to the co-digestion ratios examined, with no synergistic or antagonistic effects observed. Nine different kinetic models were compared, with cone and modified Gompertz models identified as best-fit for mono- and co-digestion of coffee pulp and cattle manure, and superimposed model for food waste and dewatered sewage sludge.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Lucia Blasco, Minna Kahala, Satu Ervasti, Elina Tampio
Summary: This study investigated the effects of co-feedstock changes on the performance and evolution of microbial consortia in anaerobic digestion of cow slurry. Despite drastic changes in co-feedstock composition, stable and flexible anaerobic digestion can be achieved with cautious operation of the process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wanli Zhang, Xue Wang, Wanli Xing, Rundong Li, Tianhua Yang, Nan Yao, Dan Lv
Summary: The study found that co-digestion of food waste with cattle manure is more likely to achieve synergy compared to other combinations, which is achieved through coupling effects such as improving nutrient balance and dilution of toxic compounds. In the process of co-digestion, specific microbial communities can accelerate detoxification and system recovery through co-metabolism.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hamza Hassan Yusuf, Xiaofang Pan, Guanjing Cai, Jiasheng Cai, Xuewei Huang, Zhi-Long Ye
Summary: The toilet revolution is driven by the urgent need for improving sanitation and access to high-quality organic fertilizer in rural areas. This study offers a potential solution through the semi-solid anaerobic co-digestion of source-separated fecal slag and food waste. It provides insights into the optimal inoculum/substrate ratio and highlights the benefits of this technology in terms of methane yield, removal efficiency of antibiotics, and ecological risk reduction.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Han Wang, Qun Yan, Xiaoqian Zhong, Irini Angelidaki, Ioannis A. Fotidis
Summary: Anaerobic co-digestion is a strategy for increasing methane production, but substrates rich in proteins and lipids can cause a synergetic co-inhibition effect. This study explored the microbial mechanisms behind the co-inhibition effect and found that ammonia played a major role in affecting methanogens. Decreased abundances of certain microorganisms and critical enzymes confirmed the synergetic co-inhibition effect.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tian Xing, Sining Yun, Bingjie Li, Kaijun Wang, Jiageng Chen, Bo Jia, Teng Ke, Jinhang An
Summary: This study enhanced the anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure and aloe peel waste using MECs and CBC accelerant, resulting in higher biogas production and COD removal rate. The digestates showed potential utilization and high nutrient content. These improvements were attributed to the excellent performance of MECs and CBC accelerant.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ruixia Shen, Runlu Chen, Zonglu Yao, Jing Feng, Jiadong Yu, Zaixing Li, Juan Luo, Lixin Zhao
Summary: Dry anaerobic digestion allows high-solid digestion, but can be prone to blockage and intermediate inhibition. This study investigated the effects of digestate recirculation ratio, CD:CS ratio, and TS content on digestion performance, with the optimal parameter combination resulting in a daily biogas production rate of 0.386 NL/d/g VS. The study found that increasing CD:CS and TS content can inhibit biogas production, but certain microbial communities can facilitate it.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yufang Wei, Yanyan Lan, Xiujin Li, Minghan Gao, Shuai Yuan, Hairong Yuan
Summary: The effects of liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) pretreatment on anaerobic digestion (AD) performance and microbial community characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that LFD pretreatment improved biomethane yields and saved time. The optimization of pretreatment parameters and the response of microbial community structure to substrate sources were observed.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh, Gloria Amo-Duodu, Sudesh Rathilal
Summary: This study utilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to enhance biogas production and methane potential in digestate, showing improved decontamination efficiency, biogas yield, and circular economy in wastewater management. The addition of 2 g of Fe2O4-TiO2 MNPs resulted in the highest biogas production and methane yield, with significant energy savings estimated at 22.89 USD/kWh annually.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Mariana Ferdes, Gigel Paraschiv, Mariana Ionescu, Mirela Nicoleta Dinca, Georgiana Moiceanu, Bianca Stefania Zabava
Summary: This paper reviews the latest research in the field of anaerobic co-digestion related to the benefits of using different mixtures of substrates to improve the process performance and efficiency. The study focuses on commonly used substrates and their characteristics, the diversity of microbial communities involved in biogas production, applied pretreatments, and the potential for obtaining improved digestate. Results from the studied works demonstrate that anaerobic co-digestion improves carbon/nitrogen ratio and nutrient balance, increases process stability, and reduces toxic inhibitor concentrations. Furthermore, the use of appropriate substrate mixtures enhances microbial diversity and promotes the growth of methanogenic potential. The research emphasizes the importance of adapting technology to specific substrate types and industries.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Richard O'Shea, Richen Lin, David M. Wall, James D. Browne, Jerry D. Murphy
Summary: Increased biogas production has led to an oversupply of digestate applied to agricultural land, resulting in the need for long distance digestate transportation. This study evaluated the performance of three digestate management options – whole digestate application, digestate separation, and digestate separation with evaporation – combined with centralized or decentralized digestate storage.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jing Wang, Kun Feng, Yu Lou, Baiyun Lu, Bingfeng Liu, Guojun Xie, Nanqi Ren, Defeng Xing
Summary: The study found that pretreatment of cow manure-cotton straw mixture with potassium ferrate can facilitate methanogenesis and increase methane yield.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Li-Jie Wu, Xiao-Xiao Li, Quan Zhou, Fan Yang, Rui-Peng Ren, Yong-Kang Lyu
Summary: Anaerobic digestion at hyperthermophilic conditions shows great potential in degrading waste activated sludge, with methane yield four times higher than mesophilic digestion. The high temperature benefits the conversion of non-degradable fractions and significantly improves hydrolysis efficiency, but stability issues may arise when the organic loading is too high.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuansheng Hu, Manoj Kumar, Zhongzhong Wang, Xinmin Zhan, Dagmar B. Stengel
Summary: This study found that filamentous microalgae as a co-substrate for anaerobic digestion of pig manure can significantly improve methane yield, digestion kinetics, and digestate dewaterability. The best results were achieved at a mixing ratio of 1:1, enhancing energy conversion efficiency and reducing the lag time of AD. The presence of microalgae in the co-substrates also reduced the specific resistance to filtration of the digestate, making it easier for processing and valorisation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyou Pan, Qiangqiang Liu, Chuan Wen, Zhenchong Li, Liqin Du, Yutuo Wei
Summary: This study investigated microbial dynamics during a 20-day anaerobic digestion of rice straw at 35 degrees C, revealing consistent trends in biogas and methane production with distinct stages. The dominant microorganisms varied at different stages, with Bacteroides and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 being dominant early on, and Methanosarcina becoming significantly more abundant at the peak methane production stage. The results provide detailed insights into the fluctuating and constant digestion process, which can benefit industrial applications of anaerobic digestion of rice straw.
BIOENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Renisha Karki, Wachiranon Chuenchart, K. C. Surendra, Shihwu Sung, Lutgarde Raskin, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: Anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of coffee pulp, cattle manure, food waste, and dewatered sewage sludge were evaluated using biochemical methane potential tests. Mono-digestion of coffee pulp and food waste yielded higher methane yields compared to the co-digestion ratios examined, with no synergistic or antagonistic effects observed. Nine different kinetic models were compared, with cone and modified Gompertz models identified as best-fit for mono- and co-digestion of coffee pulp and cattle manure, and superimposed model for food waste and dewatered sewage sludge.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ianny Andrade Cruz, Wachiranon Chuenchart, Fei Long, K. C. Surendra, Larissa Renata Santos Andrade, Muhammad Bilal, Hong Liu, Renan Tavares Figueiredo, Samir Kumar Khanal, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
Summary: This review critically examines the application of machine learning in the anaerobic digestion process, focusing on evaluating important algorithms and their applications in AD modeling, and outlining the challenges faced by ML in this context.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Yiping Guo, Xiangkai Tao, Weiyong Zhu, Yapeng Ji, K. C. Surendra, Samir Kumar Khanal, Bingtao Liu, Guoting Li
Summary: Biochar is commonly used as a material to improve soil properties, but its application conditions can influence the adsorption of heavy metal copper. This study found that a specific combination of biochar, wheat straw, and cow manure compost could greatly enhance the adsorption rate of copper in soil. The adsorption processes were identified as multiphase diffusion processes, and the interactions between copper and soil were mainly monolayer adsorption with other complex reactions. However, in leaching experiments, the addition of wheat straw and compost led to more copper being dissolved in the leaching water.
COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS
(2023)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Muzammil Khan, Wachiranon Chuenchart, K. C. Surendra, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) offers various advantages in terms of better digestibility, process stability, and increased methane yield. However, the efficient operation of an AcoD system requires a comprehensive understanding of important operational parameters and monitoring processes can be tedious. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as an innovative approach to optimize and control the AcoD process. This review discusses the applications of AI in AcoD process optimization, control, prediction, and real-time monitoring, as well as the comparison of different AI algorithms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kyle Rafael Marcelino, Li Ling, Sumeth Wongkiew, Hua Thai Nhan, K. C. Surendra, Ty Shitanaka, Hui Lu, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: There has been increasing interest in nanobubble technology due to its unique physicochemical properties, which have potential applications in environmental engineering and agriculture. The use of nanobubbles can inactivate pathogens in water treatment, remove harmful microorganisms on food, and remove pollutants from wastewater. Nanobubbles also have the potential to increase the dissolved oxygen level and plant yields. However, the fundamental mechanisms and mass transfer performance of nanobubble technology are not well understood.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mingde Ji, Jie Wang, Samir Kumar Khanal, Saqi Wang, Jian Zhang, Shuang Liang, Huijun Xie, Haiming Wu, Zhen Hu
Summary: In this study, a high-rate activated sludge-two-stage vertical up-flow constructed wetland (HRAS-TVUCW) system was developed to reduce carbon emissions during municipal wastewater treatment. The carbon emissions of the HRAS-TVUCW system were 4.1-fold lower than that of the conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O) process, while the recovered energy from the HRAS-TVUCW system increased its contribution to carbon neutrality by 4.6-fold. Functional microbial community analysis showed that the controlled dissolved oxygen allocation in the HRAS-TVUCW system led to distinct microbial communities in each unit, facilitating denitrification efficiency increase and carbon emissions reduction. Overall, the HRAS-TVUCW system can be considered as a cost-effective and sustainable low-carbon technology for municipal wastewater treatment.
Editorial Material
Energy & Fuels
Ayon Tarafdar, Sunita Varjani, Samir Khanal, Siming You, Ashok Pandey
BIOENERGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Agricultural Engineering
Samir Kumar Khanal, Ayon Tarafdar, Siming You
Summary: In recent years, there has been significant attention towards the digital transformation of bioprocesses, focusing on interconnectivity, online monitoring, process automation, AI and ML, and real-time data acquisition. AI can analyze and forecast high-dimensional data from bioprocess dynamics, allowing for precise control and synchronization to improve performance and efficiency. Data-driven bioprocessing is a promising technology for addressing challenges in bioprocesses. The MLSB-2022 special issue incorporates recent advances in ML and AI applications in bioprocesses, providing valuable resources for researchers to learn major developments.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shilva Shrestha, Siqi Xue, Lutgarde Raskin
Summary: Organic waste can be converted into valuable platform chemicals through chain elongation using mixed microbial communities. However, the use of complex microbial communities and the heterogeneity of waste streams can lead to undesirable reactions and decreased process efficiency. This study investigated the use of 2-bromoethanesulfonate (2-BES) to manipulate the hydrogen partial pressure (PH2) and suppress excessive ethanol oxidation to acetate (EEO) in a bioreactor. While initially effective, the addition of 2-BES resulted in the persistence of Methanobrevibacter spp. and the selection of resistant populations over time, indicating the need for alternative methods to maintain optimum PH2 for long-term suppression of EEO.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xuezhi Wang, Zhongfang Lei, Zhenya Zhang, Kazuya Shimizu, Duu-Jong Lee, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: In this study, the use of nanobubble water (NBW) as a bio-augmentation agent in high-solids anaerobic digestion (AD) of corn straw was investigated. The results showed that NBW bio-augmentation significantly increased methane production and achieved a net energy gain and energy recovery, providing a sustainable management solution for renewable energy production from agricultural wastes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shilva Shrestha, Deepika Awasthi, Yan Chen, Jennifer Gin, Christopher J. Petzold, Paul D. Adams, Blake A. Simmons, Steven W. Singer
Summary: This study investigated the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) functioning in P. putida M2, a strain capable of consuming sugars and aromatic compounds. The results showed that incomplete substrate consumption occurred during cultivation with a mixture of glucose and aromatic compounds, while transient intermediate accumulation and complete aromatic consumption were observed during xylose-aromatic consumption. Proteomics analysis revealed stronger repression of aromatic catabolic proteins by glucose than xylose. Additionally, CRISPRi-based gene repression experiments showed that reduction of crc expression led to faster growth and improved glucose and p-coumarate uptake. Small RNA sequencing results indicated lower levels of CrcY and CrcZ homologues under strong CCR conditions.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhuoying Wu, Duc Nguyen, Shilva Shrestha, Lutgarde Raskin, Samir Kumar Khanal, Po-Heng Lee
Summary: We introduced a concept called "nanaerobic digestion", which refers to the enhanced methane production in animal rumen and engineered digesters that is associated with the co-occurrence of methanogens and nanaerobes in a unique ecological niche with very low levels of dissolved oxygen. We analyzed meta-omic datasets and found that animal rumen shares similarities with oxygenated digesters, suggesting that trace levels of oxygen play a role in efficient digestion in ruminants. Prevotellaceae, a bacterial family abundant in rumen, contains many nanaerobes that contribute to efficient methane generation by performing nanaerobic respiration using cytochrome bd oxidase.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sumeth Wongkiew, Chongrak Polprasert, Pongsak (Lek) Noophan, Thammarat Koottatep, Vorapot Kanokkantapong, K. C. Surendra, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: Food waste can be combined with bioponics to enhance nutrient availability. Adding vermicompost leachate (VCL) improves the co-composting of organic waste and the biodegradation of organic compounds. This study demonstrates that food waste provides nitrogen and phosphorus for lettuce growth, and VCL addition increases nutrient levels in bioponics.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Sining Zhou, Kyle Rafael Marcelino, Sumeth Wongkiew, Lianpeng Sun, Wuzhen Guo, Samir Kumar Khanal, Hui Lu
Summary: This review provides a systematic discussion on the fundamentals, applications, and challenges of microbubbles and nanobubbles technology.
ACS ES&T ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
