A review of the osteoderms of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)

The multiscale hierarchical structure of Heloderma suspectum osteoderms and their mechanical properties

(2020) Francesco Iacoviello et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

A comparative histological study of the osteoderms in the lizards Heloderma suspectum (Squamata: Helodermatidae) and Varanus komodoensis (Squamata: Varanidae)

(2020) Alexander Kirby et al.   JOURNAL OF ANATOMY

The evolution of dermal shield vascularization in Testudinata and Pseudosuchia: phylogenetic constraints versus ecophysiological adaptations

(2020) François Clarac et al.   PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Armored with skin and bone: A combined histological and μCT ‐study of the exceptional integument of the Antsingy leaf chameleon Brookesia perarmata (Angel, 1933)

(2020) Pia J. Schucht et al.   JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY

Review: Evolution and diversification of corneous beta-proteins, the characteristic epidermal proteins of reptiles and birds

(2019) Karin Brigit Holthaus et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION

The function(s) of bone ornamentation in the crocodylomorph osteoderms: a biomechanical model based on a finite element analysis

(2019) François Clarac et al.   PALEOBIOLOGY

Descriptive osteology and patterns of limb loss of the European limbless skink Ophiomorus punctatissimus (Squamata, Scincidae)

(2019) Marco Camaiti et al.   JOURNAL OF ANATOMY

The Cephalic Osteoderms of Varanus komodoensis as Revealed by High‐Resolution X‐ray Computed Tomography

(2019) Jessica A. Maisano et al.   Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology

A new Jurassic lizard from China

(2019) Liping Dong et al.   GEODIVERSITAS

Interrogating genomic-scale data for Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) shows no support for key traditional morphological relationships

(2019) Frank T Burbrink et al.   SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY

The development of cephalic armor in the tokay gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Gekko gecko )

(2019) Rebecca J. Laver et al.   JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY

Bioinspired design of flexible armor based on chiton scales

(2019) Matthew Connors et al.   Nature Communications

The limiting layer of fish scales: Structure and properties

(2018) D. Arola et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

ape 5.0: an environment for modern phylogenetics and evolutionary analyses in R

(2018) Emmanuel Paradis et al.   BIOINFORMATICS

The lizard genera Bainguis and Parmeosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of China and Mongolia

(2018) Liping Dong et al.   CRETACEOUS RESEARCH

Analyzing nature's protective design: The glyptodont body armor

(2018) Anton du Plessis et al.   Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Proximate causes of variation in dermal armour: insights from armadillo lizards

(2018) Chris Broeckhoven et al.   OIKOS

Novel data on aetosaur (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) osteoderm microanatomy and histology: palaeobiological implications

(2018) Ignacio A. Cerda et al.   PALAEONTOLOGY

On dangerous ground: the evolution of body armour in cordyline lizards

(2018) Chris Broeckhoven et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Comparative skull osteology and preliminary systematic revision of the African lizard genus Heliobolus (Squamata: Lacertidae)

(2018) Mirjam Dubke et al.   AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY

An Overview of the Presence of Osteoderms in Sloths: Implications for Osteoderms as a Plesiomorphic Character of the Xenarthra

(2017) H. Gregory McDonald   JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION

Mechanical properties and numerical simulation of Sulcata tortoise carapace

(2017) Nadda Jongpairojcosit et al.   Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Functional trade-off between strength and thermal capacity of dermal armor: Insights from girdled lizards

(2017) Chris Broeckhoven et al.   Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Do the ornamented osteoderms influence the heat conduction through the skin? A finite element analysis in Crocodylomorpha

(2017) F. Clarac et al.   JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY

Comparative skull anatomy of terrestrial and crevice-dwelling Trachylepis skinks (Squamata: Scincidae) with a survey of resources in scincid cranial osteology

(2017) Daniel J. Paluh et al.   PLoS One

Sheddable armour: identification of osteoderms in the integument of Geckolepis maculata (Gekkota)

(2017) Daniel J. Paluh et al.   AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY

An exceptionally preserved armored dinosaur reveals the morphology and allometry of osteoderms and their horny epidermal coverings

(2017) Caleb M. Brown   PeerJ

Off the scale: a new species of fish-scale gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Geckolepis) with exceptionally large scales

(2017) Mark D. Scherz et al.   PeerJ

The internal anatomy of titanosaur osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous of Spain is compatible with a role in oogenesis

(2017) Daniel Vidal et al.   Scientific Reports

The mechanics of tessellations – bioinspired strategies for fracture resistance

(2016) Peter Fratzl et al.   CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS

Scales, Enamel, Cosmine, Ganoine, and Early Osteichthyans

(2016) Hans-Peter Schultze   COMPTES RENDUS PALEVOL

Enemy at the gates: Rapid defensive trait diversification in an adaptive radiation of lizards

(2016) Chris Broeckhoven et al.   EVOLUTION

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

(2016) Steven E. Naleway et al.   Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications

Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species

(2016) Yuchi Zheng et al.   MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION

Development of the turtle plastron, the order-defining skeletal structure

(2016) Ritva Rice et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A review of Cordylus machadoi (Squamata: Cordylidae) in southwestern Angola, with the description of a new species from the Pro-Namib desert

(2016) EDWARD L. STANLEY et al.   ZOOTAXA

Leatherback sea turtle shell: A tough and flexible biological design

(2015) Irene H. Chen et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

What doesn't kill you might make you stronger: functional basis for variation in body armour

(2015) Chris Broeckhoven et al.   JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY

Armored geckos: A histological investigation of osteoderm development inTarentola(Phyllodactylidae) andGekko(Gekkonidae) with comments on their regeneration and inferred function

(2015) M. K. Vickaryous et al.   JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY

Osteoderm histology of Proterochampsia and Doswelliidae (Reptilia: Archosauriformes) and their evolutionary and paleobiological implications

(2015) Ignacio A. Cerda et al.   JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY

Body location and tail regeneration effects on osteoderms morphology-are they useful tools for systematic, paleontology, and skeletochronology in diploglossine lizards (squamata, anguidae)?

(2015) Corentin Bochaton et al.   JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY

Characterization of dermal plates from armored catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis reveals sandwich-like nanocomposite structure

(2015) Donna Ebenstein et al.   Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Alligator osteoderms as a source of labile calcium for eggshell formation

(2015) C. G. Dacke et al.   JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

A phylogenomic analysis of turtles

(2015) Nicholas G. Crawford et al.   MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION

Flexibility and protection by design: imbricated hybrid microstructures of bio-inspired armor

(2015) Stephan Rudykh et al.   Soft Matter

Evidence for Sexual Dimorphism in the Plated Dinosaur Stegosaurus mjosi (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Western USA

(2015) Evan Thomas Saitta   PLoS One

Distinct Patterns of Desynchronized Limb Regression in Malagasy Scincine Lizards (Squamata, Scincidae)

(2015) Aurélien Miralles et al.   PLoS One

Protective role of Arapaima gigas fish scales: Structure and mechanical behavior

(2014) Wen Yang et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

Bone Histology of Phytosaur, Aetosaur, and Other Archosauriform Osteoderms (Eureptilia, Archosauromorpha)

(2014) Torsten M. Scheyer et al.   Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology

Unusual Soft-Tissue Preservation of a Crocodile Lizard (Squamata, Shinisauria) From the Green River Formation (Eocene) and Shinisaur Relationships

(2014) Jack L. Conrad et al.   Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology

geiger v2.0: an expanded suite of methods for fitting macroevolutionary models to phylogenetic trees

(2014) Matthew W. Pennell et al.   BIOINFORMATICS

Fabrication, testing and modeling of a new flexible armor inspired from natural fish scales and osteoderms

(2014) Ravi Kiran Chintapalli et al.   Bioinspiration & Biomimetics

Dynamic evolution of the alpha (α) and beta (β) keratins has accompanied integument diversification and the adaptation of birds into novel lifestyles

(2014) Matthew J Greenwold et al.   BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

External and internal structure of ankylosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) osteoderms and their systematic relevance

(2014) Michael E. Burns et al.   JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY

Structural design and mechanical behavior of alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) osteoderms

(2013) Chang-Yu Sun et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

Integration of molecules and new fossils supports a Triassic origin for Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, and tuatara)

(2013) Marc EH Jones et al.   BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes

(2013) R Pyron et al.   BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Scales of fish arise from mesoderm

(2013) Alessandro Mongera et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Osteoderm microstructure of “rauisuchian” archosaurs from South America

(2013) Ignacio Alejandro Cerda et al.   GEOBIOS

Alligator osteoderms: Mechanical behavior and hierarchical structure

(2013) Irene H. Chen et al.   Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications

The endoskeletal origin of the turtle carapace

(2013) Tatsuya Hirasawa et al.   Nature Communications

Low temperatures reduce skin healing in the Jacare do Pantanal (Caiman yacare, Daudin 1802)

(2013) L. N. Pressinotti et al.   Biology Open

Micro-structure and mechanical properties of the turtle carapace as a biological composite shield

(2012) Ben Achrai et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

Mechanical properties and structure of the biological multilayered material system, Atractosteus spatula scales

(2012) P.G. Allison et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

Natural Flexible Dermal Armor

(2012) Wen Yang et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Osteology of Gobiderma pulchrum (Monstersauria, Lepidosauria, Reptilia)

(2012) Jack L. Conrad et al.   BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Flexible Dermal Armor in Nature

(2012) Wen Yang et al.   JOM

Calcium and salinity as selective factors in plate morph evolution of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus )

(2012) R. Spence et al.   JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

A large predatory lizard (Platynota, Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of South China

(2012) Jin-you Mo et al.   JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY

Dermal bone in early tetrapods: a palaeophysiological hypothesis of adaptation for terrestrial acidosis

(2012) C. M. Janis et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Who Speaks with a Forked Tongue?

(2012) J. B. Losos et al.   SCIENCE

Helodermatid Lizard from the Mio-Pliocene Oak-Hickory Forest of Tennessee, Eastern USA, and a Review of Monstersaurian Osteoderms

(2011) Jim I. Mead et al.   ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA

Osteoderm microstructure indicates the presence of a crocodylian-like trunk bracing system in a group of armoured basal tetrapods

(2011) Michael Buchwitz et al.   ACTA ZOOLOGICA

An enamel-like tissue, osteodermine, on the osteoderms of a fossil anguid (Glyptosaurinae) lizard

(2011) Vivian de Buffrénil et al.   COMPTES RENDUS PALEVOL

Finite element modeling of shell shape in the freshwater turtle Pseudemys concinna reveals a trade-off between mechanical strength and hydrodynamic efficiency

(2011) Gabriel Rivera et al.   JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY

Multi-scale hierarchy of Chelydra serpentina: Microstructure and mechanical properties of turtle shell

(2011) Kantesh Balani et al.   Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Armadillo armor: Mechanical testing and micro-structural evaluation

(2011) Irene H. Chen et al.   Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Compressive behavior of a turtle’s shell: Experiment, modeling, and simulation

(2011) R. Damiens et al.   Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Sauropod dinosaur osteoderms from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar

(2011) Kristina Curry Rogers et al.   Nature Communications

phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things)

(2011) Liam J. Revell   Methods in Ecology and Evolution

Function and Evolution of Ankylosaur Dermal Armor

(2010) Shoji Hayashi et al.   ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA

Morphological and histological changes of dermal scales during the fish-to-tetrapod transition

(2010) Florian Witzmann   ACTA ZOOLOGICA

Threat-protection mechanics of an armored fish

(2010) Juha Song et al.   Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Osteoderms ofSimosuchus clarki(Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar

(2010) Robert V. Hill   JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY

The possible role of environmental calcum levels during the evolution of phenotypic diversity in Outer Hebridean populations of the Three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

(2010) N. Giles   JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Dermal armour histology of aetosaurs (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia), from the Upper Triassic of Argentina and Brazil

(2010) IGNACIO A. CERDA et al.   LETHAIA

A study on the structure and mechanical behavior of the Dasypus novemcinctus shell

(2010) H. Rhee et al.   Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications

Sex-specific predation on two lizard species by kestrels

(2010) David Costantini et al.   RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY

Internal vascularity of the dermal plates of Stegosaurus (Ornithischia, Thyreophora)

(2010) James O. Farlow et al.   Swiss Journal of Geosciences

Skeletochronology and isotopic analysis of a captive individual ofAlligator mississippiensisDaudin, 1802

(2009) Nicole Klein et al.   FOSSIL RECORD

The integumentary skeleton of tetrapods: origin, evolution, and development

(2009) Matthew K. Vickaryous et al.   JOURNAL OF ANATOMY

Origin and evolution of the integumentary skeleton in non-tetrapod vertebrates

(2009) Jean-Yves Sire et al.   JOURNAL OF ANATOMY

Bone microstructures and mode of skeletogenesis in osteoderms of three pareiasaur taxa from the Permian of South Africa

(2009) T. M. SCHEYER et al.   JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

The titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) osteoderm record: review and first definitive specimen from India

(2009) Michael D. D'Emic et al.   JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY

The skull and the jaw adductor musculature in some burrowing scincomorph lizards of the genera Acontias, Typhlosaurus and Feylinia

(2009) Olivier Rieppel   JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

A study on the structure and mechanical behavior of the Terrapene carolina carapace: A pathway to design bio-inspired synthetic composites

(2009) H. Rhee et al.   Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications

The bone histology of osteoderms in temnospondyl amphibians and in the chroniosuchianBystrowiella

(2008) Florian Witzmann et al.   ACTA ZOOLOGICA

Osteoderms of the California Legless Lizard Anniella (Squamata: Anguidae) and Their Relevance for Considerations of Miniaturization

(2008) Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar et al.   COPEIA

Evolutionary mutant models for human disease

(2008) R. Craig Albertson et al.   TRENDS IN GENETICS

Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record

(2007) Juan Carlos Cisneros   JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY