Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. Tabin, K. Nalepka, J. Kawalko, A. Brodecki, P. Bala, Z. Kowalewski
Summary: A remarkable plastic flow instability is observed during tensile deformation of the commercial 304 stainless-steel sheet at room temperature. The occurrence of plastic flow instability in 304 is dependent on the strain rate and specimen gage length. Moreover, the enhanced strain hardening resulting from deformation-induced martensitic transformation facilitates the orderly propagation of the strain-localized band.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Aya Matsushita, Yoji Mine, Kazuki Takashima
Summary: The addition of nanotwin bundles in 304 metastable austenitic stainless steel enhances fatigue crack growth resistance by inhibiting brittle twin boundary separation and promoting detwinning and martensite formation during crack propagation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Guosheng Sun, Miaomiao Zhao, Linxiu Du, Hongyan Wu
Summary: The grain size of a 304 austenitic stainless steel was tuned through deformation-induced martensite transformation and austenite reversion annealing, and the effects of grain size on mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms were studied. Grain refinement significantly increased yield strength and elongation, while enhancing martensitic transformation. The formation of carbide precipitation and the change of martensite nucleation sites were attributed to the effects of grain size.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hongzhuang Zhang, Changyou Li, Yanlin Shi, Guo Yao, Yimin Zhang
Summary: This study systematically investigated the microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of LPBF 304L ASS and found that martensitic transformation occurred during fatigue deformation, significantly improving fatigue lifetime.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jeong-Chan Lee, Yeonju Noh, Nam-Su Kim, Ki Beom Park, Hyunghoon Kim, Hyung-Hwan Cho, Hyung-Ki Park, Tea-Sung Jun, Chang-Soo Park
Summary: This study compares the mechanical properties and microstructural features of 304 austenitic stainless steel, focusing on the effect of initial texture and deformation temperature. The results show that the mechanical features and strain-induced martensitic transformation rate depend on the tensile directions. In addition, a decrease in temperature significantly increases the dislocation densities and the formation of abundant twins and transformed martensites.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tulani W. Mukarati, Roelf J. Mostert, Charles W. Siyasiya, Waldo E. Stumpf
Summary: Boltzmann-type sigmoidal equations have been developed to model the tensile strain hardening and flow stress behavior of a metastable AISI 301LN austenitic stainless steel subjected to prior cold deformation. The compressive pre-strain has a strong effect on the material's martensite content, tensile yield strength, and energy absorption capability.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hojun Gwon, Junyoung Chae, Chanwoo Jeong, Hyukjae Lee, Dong Hwi Kim, Sam Yaw Anaman, Dameul Jeong, Hoon-Hwe Cho, Young-Kyun Kwon, Sung-Joon Kim, Heung Nam Han
Summary: We discovered remarkable martensitic transformation in 16Cr-5Ni metastable austenitic stainless steel during electrochemical polishing (EP). The fraction of alpha' martensite was observed to increase as the applied voltage and EP time increased. This transformation was found to be confined to the surface where EP took place. Through calculations using COMSOL Multiphysics, it was concluded that the development of significant stress on the surface due to charge build-up induced stress-induced martensitic transformation during EP.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Luo, Huang Yuan
Summary: In this study, the deformation-induced martensitic transformation in metastable austenitic steel was monitored in situ using the magnetic permeability method. The magnetic response and Villari effect under cyclic loading were systematically investigated. Phenomenological and stress partitioning models were proposed to describe the variation of martensitic phases and the distribution of macroscopic stress among constituent phases.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Q. Li, D. Y. Liu, F. K. Yan, N. R. Tao
Summary: The study revealed that the activation of alpha\prime-martensitic transformation in nanotwinned 316L stainless steel can enhance both fatigue strength and fatigue life in the low-cycle regime by effectively releasing stress/strain localization.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hamidreza Kamali, Haibo Xie, Fanghui Jia, Hongyun Bi, E. Chang, Haigang Xu, Haifeng Yu, Zhengyi Jiang
Summary: The microstructure and texture evolution of a low-Ni Cr-Mn-N austenitic stainless steel during a three-point bending process were analyzed, revealing differences in deformation-induced martensite fraction and texture between different regions.ε-Martensite and α'-martensite were observed in varying proportions between the two regions, leading to changes in texture and twin boundaries.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuntao Wei, Qi Lu, Zongde Kou, Tao Feng, Qingquan Lai
Summary: The dynamic formation of alpha'-martensite has a significant influence on the mechanical behavior of 316L SS. Cryogenic pre-deformation can control the martensitic transformation, resulting in improved strength and ductility for the cryogenically-rolled 316L SS.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Qunjie Lu, Jinyang Zheng, Gai Huang, Keming Li, Huiming Ding, Zhenyu Wang, Shaoan Cheng
Summary: The study investigated the cryogenic properties of warm-formed 530408 metastable austenitic stainless steel, showing a decrease in SIM content and dislocation density, as well as an improvement in cryogenic ductility and impact toughness. Despite a decrease in strength, warm-forming can significantly enhance the combined mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures compared to cold-forming.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guosheng Sun, Xue Sun, Shunqiang Li, Yinjie Wu, Jizi Liu
Summary: In this study, the effects of rolling temperature and equivalent strain on the deformation microstructural evolution of a 304 stainless steel are investigated. The results show that the stacking fault energy (SFE) increases with temperature, leading to a transition in deformation mechanisms from martensitic transformation to deformation twinning and finally dislocation glide-only. The formation of deformation twinning is inhibited at higher temperatures due to the high SFE.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hua Jiang, Tatsuki Watanabe, Chihiro Watanabe, Norimitsu Koga, Hiromi Miura
Summary: Systematic investigations were conducted on the deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of heterogeneous nanostructured (HNed) SUS316LN austenitic stainless steel at cryogenic temperature (77 K). The HNed steel showed excellent strength/ductility balance due to the high inherent strength of the heterogeneous nanostructure (HN) and significant work hardening caused by transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP). Deformation-induced martensitic transformation (DIMT) occurred in different regions, resulting in different microstructure evolution. Preparing ultrafine HN improved the yield and ultimate strength at cryogenic temperature.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yinsheng He, Jianbing Gao, Yizhu He, Keesam Shin
Summary: The orientation relationship between γ-fcc and α'-bcc is crucial for metallic materials, with K-S and Pitsch being preferred relationships for martensitic transformation. The newly discovered OR in an austenitic steel SS304 after shot peening is unique among all known relationships in fcc-bcc systems, showing a distinctive rotation of -12.8 degrees compared to the Pitsch relationship.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Oleksandr Kovtun, Meirzhan Karbayev, Iurii Korobeinikov, C. Srishilan, Ajay Kumar Shukla, Olena Volkova
Summary: In studying the phosphorus partition between unkilled liquid crude steel and high basicity BOF slags, it was found that Al2O3, MnO, and TiO2 decrease phosphorus partition while increasing optical basicity and a FeO content of 25-30 mass% lead to a maximum phosphorus partition. Additionally, MgO content slightly increases phosphorus partition.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Iurii Korobeinikov, Anton Perminov, Tobias Dubberstein, Olena Volkova
Summary: This study explores the impact of altering liquid metal properties during inert gas atomization on powder particle size distribution. Results show that adjustments to surface tension and viscosity can lead to finer powder fractions; however, discrepancies in the results suggest further investigation into the effects of additives on powder fractions control.
Article
Crystallography
Dmitrii Riabov, Muhammad Murtaza Gain, Tomasz Kargul, Olena Volkova
Summary: The paper presents new findings on the influence of gas density and porous plug diameter on liquid steel stirring with an inert gas in the ladle. The experiments on a cold model show that different gas stirring conditions affect the size and velocity of gas bubbles, as well as the geometry of the plume and spout.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ruben Wagner, Alexander Schmiedel, Steffen Dudczig, Christos G. Aneziris, Olena Volkova, Horst Biermann, Anja Weidner
Summary: By adjusting the temperature during deoxidation, the size distribution of nonmetallic inclusions can be shifted, showing potential for new applications in metallographic imaging and electrolytic extraction analysis.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xingwen Wei, Anton Yehorov, Enrico Storti, Steffen Dudczig, Olga Fabrichnaya, Christos G. Aneziris, Olena Volkova
Summary: The interactions between pure alumina and carbon-bonded alumina with iron at high temperatures were investigated, revealing phenomena such as decarburization, dissolution, layer formation, and whiskers formation. Additionally, the formation of Al2O3 whiskers was detected even in the absence of iron, supporting the experimental findings. Thermodynamic simulations further supported the experimental investigations.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Dmitry Chebykin, Tobias Dubberstein, Hans-Peter Heller, Olga Fabrichnaya, Olena Volkova
Summary: The present study investigated the wetting behavior of Cr-Mn-Ni-alloys with TRIP/TWIP-effects on the hBN-SiCZrO2-substrate using the sessile drop method. The results show that the increase in nickel content increases the contact angle, while the increase in sulfur content decreases the contact angle. Additionally, the increase in contact angle is related to the evaporation of manganese.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Daniel dos Reis Silva, Nestor Cezar Heck, Antonio Cezar Faria Vilela, Hans-Peter Heller, Olena Volkova
Summary: The calcium aluminate system is widely used in ceramic and metallurgical materials, with the crystallization tendency of mold powders playing a crucial role in the efficiency of the casting process. Studies have shown that the presence of a water vapor atmosphere affects the crystallization behavior of the CaO-Al2O3 join, with temperature having an influence on the process.
CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Martin, A. Weidner, C. Ullrich, C. Schimpf, M. Motylenko, R. Lehnert, H. Biermann, D. Rafaja, A. Vinogradov, Y. Estrin
Summary: This article explores the microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms of high-alloy austenitic steel, demonstrating the impact of twin nucleation process on the strain hardening behavior. Experimental data and model predictions provide insights into the enhanced plasticity of the steel, with general guidelines for austenitic steel design established based on the findings.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zhaoyang Cheng, Hailong Lu, Jing Liu, Marco Wendler, Olena Volkova
Summary: In this study, the effect of cooling rates on the microstructure and ordered phases of electrical steel was investigated. It was found that cooling rates have a significant impact on the width and quantity of magnetic domains. Increased residual stress, refinement of antiphase domains, and increased domain width led to higher iron loss.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Xingwen Wei, Steffen Dudczig, Enrico Storti, Mariia Ilatovskaia, Rie Endo, Christos G. Aneziris, Olena Volkova
Summary: When ceramic substrates interacted with liquid Armco iron under a low oxygen partial pressure, most of the substrates did not show noticeable dissolution or reaction. Deposition of SiO2 and Fe was found on the cross section between iron and some substrates, while a reaction layer of complex composition was observed on the interface between iron and the AZT substrate. The total number of inclusions in the iron samples decreased significantly after all experiments, mainly due to factors such as deposition, agglomeration of inclusions, and evaporation of some elements. The stability of oxides in the substrates under low oxygen partial pressure was confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guanghui Chen, Reza Rahimi, Michael Harwarth, Mykhaylo Motylenko, Guang Xu, Horst Biermann, Javad Mola
Summary: This study investigated the crystallographic orientation relationship between M23C6 carbides and austenite in lightweight high carbon stainless steel. The findings showed an orientation relationship approximated by the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) orientation relationship between the carbides and the austenitic matrix, deviating from the commonly reported cube-on-cube orientation relationship, which could be explained by the formation of M23C6 carbides via M7C3 carbides as an intermediate phase.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Steffen Scherbring, Guanghui Chen, Bastian Veltel, Gert Bartzsch, Julia Richter, Malte Vollmer, Malte Blankenburg, Saikat Shyamal, Olena Volkova, Thomas Niendorf, Ulrich Lienert, Puspendu Sahu, Javad Mola
Summary: Adding aluminum to stainless steel can improve its performance, particularly in terms of increasing yield strength, as observed in this study on the influence of aluminum addition on microstructure and mechanical properties.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guanghui Chen, Guang Xu, Horst Biermann, Javad Mola
Summary: The effects of Co and Co + Al addition on the microstructure, deformation-induced processes, and mechanical properties of a wrought Fe-14Cr-9Ni-3Mn-0.3C austenitic stainless steel were investigated. Co and Co + Al additions have noticeable impacts on the mechanical properties, particularly on the work hardening rate and the suppression of α'-martensite.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qiuliang Huang, Christiane Ullrich, Javad Mola, Mykhaylo Motylenko, Lutz Krueger, Olena Volkova, Andreas Weiss, Marco Wendler
Summary: This study presents a systematic investigation on the quenching and partitioning processing of a (C + N)-containing austenitic stainless steel and compares it with C-containing Q & P-treated stainless steels. The influence of partitioning conditions on the mechanical properties is analyzed. It is found that the mechanical properties depend on the interstitial partitioning between martensite and austenite, and the optimal mechanical properties are obtained after partitioning at 450°C for 3 minutes.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Liu, K. Zweiacker, C. Liu, J. T. McKeown, J. M. K. Wiezorek
Summary: The evolution of rapid solidification microstructure and solidification interface velocity of hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu alloy after laser melting has been studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of microstructure was dominated by eutectic, alpha-cell, and banded morphology grains, and the growth modes changed with increasing interface velocity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bharat Gwalani, Julian Escobar, Miao Song, Jonova Thomas, Joshua Silverstein, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, Dileep Singh, Michael P. Brady, Yukinori Yamamoto, Thomas R. Watkins, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Castable alumina forming austenitic alloys exhibit superior creep life and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study reveals the mechanism behind the enhanced creep performance of these alloys by suppressing primary carbide formation and offers a promising alloy design strategy for high-temperature applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Song, Qi Zhang, Songsong Yao, Kunming Yang, Houyu Ma, Jiamiao Ni, Boan Zhong, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Tongxiang Fan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that achieving an atomically flat surface for metals can greatly improve their oxidation resistance and enhance their electronic-optical applications. Researchers have explored the use of graphene as a covering layer to achieve atomically flat surfaces. They found that high-temperature deposited graphene on copper surfaces formed mono-atomic steps, while annealed copper and transferred graphene on copper interfaces formed multi-atomic steps.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, David C. Dunand
Summary: Elemental powders of Al, Ti, Sc, and Zr are blended and processed via laser powder-bed fusion to create binary and ternary alloys. The microstructural analysis and mechanical testing show that the addition of Ti results in the formation of primary precipitates, while the addition of Sc and Zr leads to the formation of fine grain bands. The Al-0.25Ti-0.25Zr alloy exhibits comparable strain rates to Al-0.5Zr at low stresses, but significantly higher strain rates at higher stresses during compressive creep testing. Finite element modeling suggests that the connectivity of coarse and fine grain regions is a critical factor affecting the creep resistance of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jannotti, B. C. Hornbuckle, J. T. Lloyd, N. Lorenzo, M. Aniska, T. L. Luckenbaugh, A. J. Roberts, A. Giri, K. A. Darling
Summary: This work characterizes the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline Cu-Ta alloys under extreme conditions. The experiments reveal that the alloys exhibit unique mechanical properties, behaving differently from conventional nanocrystalline Cu. They do not undergo grain coarsening during extrusion and exhibit behavior similar to coarse-grained Cu.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqing Wei, Jingwei Li, Daliang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zizhen Zhou, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang, Carmelo Prestipino, Pierric Lemoine, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to modify microstructure by phase regulation, which can simultaneously enhance carrier mobility and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The addition of Cu in layered SnSe2 induces a phase transition that leads to increased grain size and reduced stacking fault density, resulting in improved carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia Chen, Zhengyu Zhang, Eitan Hershkovitz, Jonathan Poplawsky, Raja Shekar Bhupal Dandu, Chang-Yu Hung, Wenbo Wang, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Hongliang Xin, Honggyu Kim, Wenjun Cai
Summary: In this study, the structural origin of the pH-dependent repassivation mechanisms in multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) was investigated using surface characterization and computational simulations. It was found that selective oxidation in acidic to neutral solutions leads to enhanced nickel enrichment on the surface, resulting in reduced repassivation capability and corrosion resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. Xu, C. P. Huang, H. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, M. X. Huang
Summary: The limited slip systems of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys hinder their wide applications. By conducting tensile straining experiments, researchers discovered a rate-dependent transition in the dislocation mechanisms of Mg alloys. At high strain rates, glissile dislocations dominate, while easy-glide dislocations dominate at low strain rates. Abundant glissile dislocations do not necessarily improve ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Szczerba, M. J. Szczerba
Summary: Inverse temperature dependences of the detwinning stress were observed in face-centered cubic deformation twins in Cu-8at.%Al alloy. The detwinning stress increased with temperature when the pi detwinning mode was involved, but decreased when the pi/3 mode was involved. The dual effect of temperature on the detwinning stress was due to the reduction of internal stresses pre-existing within the deformation twins. The complete reduction of internal stresses at about 530 degrees C led to the equivalence of the critical stresses of different detwinning modes and a decrease in the yield stress anisotropy of the twin/matrix structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taowen Dong, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Yaowen Zhang, Zhuoran Feng, Yuxiang Gao, Zhongyu Pan, Zixiang Xia, Yan Wang, Chunming Yang, Peng Wang, Weitao Zheng
Summary: The interaction between the electrode and the electric double layer (EDL) significantly influences the energy storage mechanism. By studying the popular alpha-Fe2O3 electrode and the EDL interaction, we find that the energy storage mechanism of the electrode can be controlled by modulating the EDL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew R. Barnett, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Alban de Vaucorbeil, Andrew Stevenson, Marc Fivel, Peter A. Lynch
Summary: The elastic-plastic transition in magnesium alloy Mg-4.5Zn exhibits bursts of deformation, which are characterized by sudden changes in grain orientation. These bursts occur in a coordinated manner among nearby grains, with the highest burst rate observed at the onset of full plasticity. The most significant burst events are associated with twinning, supported by the observation of twinned structures using electron microscopy. The bursts are often preceded and followed by a stasis in peak movement, indicating a certain "birth size" for twins upon formation and subsequent growth at a later stage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaidehi Menon, Sambit Das, Vikram Gavini, Liang Qi
Summary: Understanding solute segregation thermodynamics is crucial for investigating grain boundary properties. The spectral approach and thermodynamic integration methods can be used to predict solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries and compare with experimental observations, thus aiding in alloy design and performance control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feiyu Qin, Lei Hu, Yingcai Zhu, Yuki Sakai, Shogo Kawaguchi, Akihiko Machida, Tetsu Watanuki, Yue-Wen Fang, Jun Sun, Xiangdong Ding, Masaki Azuma
Summary: This study reports on the negative and zero thermal expansion properties of Cd2Re2O7 and Cd1.95Ni0.05Re2O7 materials, along with their ultra-low thermal conductivity. Through investigations of their structures and phonon calculations, the synergistic effect of local structure distortion and soft phonons is revealed as the key to achieving these distinctive properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beerli, Christian C. Roth, Dirk Mohr
Summary: A novel testing system for miniature specimens is designed to characterize the plastic response of materials for which conventional full-size specimens cannot be extracted. The system has an automated operation process, which reduces the damage to specimens caused by manual handling and improves the stability of the test results. The experiments show that the miniature specimens extracted from stainless steel and aluminum have high reproducibility, and the results are consistent with those of conventional-sized specimens. A correction procedure is provided to consider the influence of surface roughness and heat-affected zone caused by wire EDM.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rani Mary Joy, Paulius Pobedinskas, Nina Baule, Shengyuan Bai, Daen Jannis, Nicolas Gauquelin, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Francois Jomard, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Rozita Rouzbahani, Fernando Lloret, Derese Desta, Jan D'Haen, Johan Verbeeck, Michael Frank Becker, Ken Haenen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of film microstructure and composition on the Young's modulus and residual stress in nanocrystalline diamond thin films. The results provide insights into the mechanical properties and intrinsic stress sources of these films, and demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality nanocrystalline diamond films under certain conditions.
