Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom11050681
Keywords
cell signaling; protein translation; environmental stress; TOR; metabolism; Akt; hibernation; estivation; anoxia; hypoxia; dauer
Categories
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada [04486]
- Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation (SHRF) Establishment Grant [4971]
- NSERC Discovery Grant [6793]
- Canada Research Chair in Molecular Physiology
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Studies have shown that mTOR is a key signaling molecule in regulating animal entry into a hypometabolic state as a survival strategy in response to environmental stress. Across different natural hypometabolic states, mTOR exhibits unique regulatory patterns in an environmental stressor-dependent manner, playing a crucial role in promoting animal survival.
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cellular homeostasis that integrates environmental and nutrient signals to control cell growth and survival. Over the past two decades, extensive studies of mTOR have implicated the importance of this protein complex in regulating a broad range of metabolic functions, as well as its role in the progression of various human diseases. Recently, mTOR has emerged as a key signaling molecule in regulating animal entry into a hypometabolic state as a survival strategy in response to environmental stress. Here, we review current knowledge of the role that mTOR plays in contributing to natural hypometabolic states such as hibernation, estivation, hypoxia/anoxia tolerance, and dauer diapause. Studies across a diverse range of animal species reveal that mTOR exhibits unique regulatory patterns in an environmental stressor-dependent manner. We discuss how key signaling proteins within the mTOR signaling pathways are regulated in different animal models of stress, and describe how each of these regulations uniquely contribute to promoting animal survival in a hypometabolic state.
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