Effect of surface coating of microcrystalline cellulose by imidazole molecules on proton conductivity

The proton conductivity properties of a newly synthetized proton-conducting composite (Cell-Im) composed of the microcrystalline cellulose grains (Cell) coated with different amount of imidazole molecules (Im) have been investigated. For the composite with the highest concentration of Im (on average 1 Im molecules is bonded to approximately 5.44 glucose rings; 5Cell-Im), the increase in the maximum conductivity by nearly 3 orders of magnitude with respect to that of neat cellulose, and the extension of the temperature range application up to 160 degrees C was evidenced in anhydrous conditions. Under these conditions two contributions to the overall conductivity of 5Cell-Im were recognized in the temperature range of 60-150 degrees C. They are related to the imidazole layers at grain surfaces and intergrain contacts, respectively. The interior of the cellulose grains is treated as a nearly perfect dielectric with a negligible contribution to conductivity. The lowering of the Im concentration at the cellulose grain surface leads to decreasing of the surface conductivity. A characteristic phase transition from proton conductivity state to non-conductivity one with typical percolation threshold is well documented. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.