Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Marijn A. Blommaert, Siddhartha Subramanian, Kailun Yang, Wilson A. Smith, David A. Vermaas
Summary: AEM-based cells in CO2 electrolyzers have significant energy consumption due to CO2 crossover and electrolyte refining, while BPM-based cells, although stable with minimal CO2 loss, have lower Faradaic efficiency to CO, resulting in higher energy requirement per mol of CO. Improvement of the cathode-BPM interface is crucial for the future relevance of BPMs in CO2 electrolyzers.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peter Mardle, Apurva Gangrade, Torben Saatkamp, Zhengming Jiang, Simon Cassegrain, Nana Zhao, Zhiqing Shi, Steven Holdcroft
Summary: The dependence of the performance and stability of a zero-gap CO2 electrolyzer on the properties of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) is investigated. The study evaluates the impact of the anolyte in using an Aemion membrane and demonstrates that with 10 mM KHCO3, a CO2 electrolyzer using a next-generation Aemion+ membrane achieves lower cell voltages and longer lifetimes due to increased water permeation. The article also discusses the effect of lower permselectivity of Aemion+ on water transport. Using Aemion+, a cell voltage of 3.17 V at 200 mA cm(-2) is attained at room temperature, with a faradaic efficiency of >90%. Stable CO2 electrolysis is demonstrated for 100 hours at 100 mA cm(-2), although the lifetime is reduced at 300 mA cm(-2). However, improving water transport characteristics of the AEM, reducing dimensional swelling, and enhancing cathode design to reduce localized dehydration of the membrane increases the lifetime of the cell at high current densities.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Simonetta Palmas, Jesus Rodriguez, Laura Mais, Michele Mascia, Mireia Cifre Herrando, Annalisa Vacca
Summary: This article highlights the urgency of improving the efficiency of water electrolysis process and suggests that a new generation technique called Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (AEMWE) could combine the advantages of Alkaline (AWE) and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Water Electrolysis (WE). The temporal evolution of the research and the topics of recent investigation, as well as possible future developments, have been evaluated using bibliometric and bibliographic analyses.
CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Grace A. Lindquist, Sebastian Z. Oener, Raina Krivina, Andrew R. Motz, Alex Keane, Christopher Capuano, Katherine E. Ayers, Shannon W. Boettcher
Summary: Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity can replace fossil fuels. Anion-exchange-membrane (AEM) electrolyzers offer advantages of commercial proton-exchange-membrane systems with the use of less expensive materials and catalysts. Limited research and development in AEM electrolyzers due to lack of accessible materials and difficulty in comparing results, but using commercially available materials can provide a high-performance baseline for future development.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tommaso Caielli, Alessandro Raffaele Ferrari, Simone Bonizzoni, Eva Sediva, Angela Capri, Mariarita Santoro, Irene Gatto, Vincenzo Baglio, Piercarlo Mustarelli
Summary: Water electrolyzers based on anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with poly(aryl piperidiniums) (PAPs) show promise for reducing the capital costs of green hydrogen production. Through optimized polymerization parameters, mechanically resistant PAP-based membranes with a thickness of 15 μm were obtained, exhibiting an impressive conductivity of 185 mS cm-1 and excellent stability in 1 M KOH solution at 80°C. These membranes outperformed a commercially available PAP-based membrane in an electrolyzer cell, demonstrating their potential as low-cost AEMs with easy synthesis.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yaoming Wang, Zhengjin Yang, Liang Wu, Liang Ge, Tongwen Xu
Summary: Ion exchange membranes play a crucial role in chemical manufacturing and new applications, improving industrial efficiency and meeting environmental needs. Academician Binglin He has been the most influential figure guiding students into the field of ion exchange membranes. The most promising area for future development is alkaline stable anion-exchange membranes. Scientists driving the development of domestic ion exchange membranes have successfully transferred patented technologies for industrial use.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Hui Min Tee, Habin Park, Parin N. N. Shah, Jamie A. A. Trindell, Joshua D. D. Sugar, Paul A. A. Kohl
Summary: Hydrogen produced through low-temperature water electrolysis using anion exchange membranes combines the benefits of liquid-electrolyte alkaline electrolysis and solid-polymer proton exchange membrane electrolysis. The study found that using cathode ionomers with high ion exchange capacity improved cathode durability, and using ionomers soluble in the spray-coated cathode ink further improved durability and reduced voltage.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Atif Khan Niaz, Adil Akhtar, Jun-Young Park, Hyung-Tae Lim
Summary: In this study, the effects of different operation modes on the stability of anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) were investigated. It was found that the short periodic operation mode led to performance degradation due to ohmic resistance, while the long periodic operation mode resulted in better stability with constant resistance values. The study suggests that even small operating factors like rest time frequency can have a significant impact on cell stability.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Seok Hwan Yang, Wonsang Jung, Hyeonggeon Lee, Sang-Hun Shin, Seung Jae Lee, Min Suc Cha, Woong Choi, Seong-Geun Oh, Ki Bong Lee, Ung Lee, Da Hye Won, Jang Yong Lee
Summary: This study demonstrates the commercial viability of a polycarbazole-based anion-conducting material, HQPC-tmIM, as an anion exchange membrane for electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R). The research also reveals through simulation that the well-constructed membrane morphology of HQPC-tmIM leads to outstanding membrane conductivity and enables high CO partial current density. The findings provide guidelines for developing commercially viable anion exchange membranes and ionomers for eCO2R.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Seok Hwan Yang, Wonsang Jung, Hyeonggeon Lee, Sang-Hun Shin, Seung Jae Lee, Min Suc Cha, Woong Choi, Seong-Geun Oh, Ki Bong Lee, Ung Lee, Da Hye Won, Jang Yong Lee
Summary: This study demonstrates the key roles of HQPC-tmIM, a polycarbazole-based anion-conducting material, in electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) and reveals its commercial viability as an anion exchange membrane (AEM). The superior performance of HQPC-tmIM in terms of mechanical/chemical stability and CO partial current density (jCO) in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer (MEA) was shown compared to a commercial AEM (Sustainion). The multiphysics model simulation reveals that the well-constructed membrane morphology of HQPC-tmIM enables high jCO through facilitated charge transfer.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alessandra Carbone, Sabrina Campagna Zignani, Irene Gatto, Rolando Pedicini, Claudio Oldani, Alice Cattaneo, Antonio Salvatore Arico
Summary: Alkaline membrane water electrolysis using perfluorinated polymer as an alternative to hydrocarbon-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) shows promising applications for green hydrogen production. The introduction of quaternary ammonium groups onto Aquivion (R) perfluorinated backbone through a simple two-step functionalization reaction using a low toxicity dispersant is successful. The formed AEM exhibits enhanced ion dissociation and shows only limited degradation of functional groups in alkaline solution, making it suitable for electrolysis with high current density and low degradation.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shraboni Ghoshal, Bryan S. Pivovar, Shaun M. Alia
Summary: This study investigates the influence of component choices and MEA fabrication in low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers. Changes in ionomer type, membrane, and supporting electrolyte were found to affect catalyst redox, resulting in variations in exchange current densities and Tafel slopes. Additionally, differences in membrane conductivity were identified as a key factor in performance variability among different MEAs, with higher conductivity minimizing ohmic losses.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Susanne Koch, Lukas Metzler, Sophia K. Kilian, Philipp A. Heizmann, Florian Lombeck, Matthias Breitwieser, Severin Vierrath
Summary: This study proposes a novel direct-coating approach for membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication, which effectively reduces membrane swelling and improves the efficiency and mass transport performance of anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis cells. The self-casted catalyst-coated membrane with low thickness exhibits promising stability and degradation rate.
ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qianqian Zou, Xiaojing Guo, Lu Gao, Feng Hong, Jinli Qiao
Summary: This study develops AEMs based on polymer composites of bacterial cellulose and poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), which exhibit good hydroxide-ion conductivity and stability for CO2 electrolyzer application. The membrane shows a high Faradaic efficiency of 50.84% for formate ions in 0.5M KHCO3 electrolyte, indicating its potential for high performance in ERC.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sun Young Kang, Ji Eun Park, Ga Young Jang, Ok-Hee Kim, Oh Joong Kwon, Yong-Hun Cho, Yung-Eun Sung
Summary: The commercialization of anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is crucial for producing low-cost and high-purity hydrogen. In this study, a high-performance and stable AEMWE was developed by using an anion-exchange membrane without an aryl-ether backbone structure. The adapted AEM exhibited improved performance and better durability compared to the conventional AEM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Electrochemistry
Mrinmay Mandal
Review
Electrochemistry
Mrinmay Mandal
Article
Polymer Science
Mrinmay Mandal, Debashis Chakraborty
Summary: The study employed inexpensive and easy to handle catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone, resulting in high molecular weight polymers with narrow dispersity and heterotactically enriched poly(lactic acid). The polymerization followed an activated monomer mechanism and exhibited first-order kinetics based on the data from MALDI-TOF and H-1 NMR analyses.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Garrett Huang, Mrinmay Mandal, Noor Ul Hassan, Katelyn Groenhout, Alexandra Dobbs, William E. Mustain, Paul A. Kohl
Summary: Green hydrogen produced through anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is a promising, low-cost chemical storage solution that requires a balance between ionic conductivity, water uptake, and ionomer swelling in the ACI to improve the performance of AEM-based devices. Higher IEC ACIs with light crosslinking are preferred in the HER electrode to fine-tune water uptake and ionomer swelling for optimal cell performance and reduced operating voltages.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Electrochemistry
Mrinmay Mandal
Summary: Highly conductive anion exchange membranes play a crucial role in fuel cells and water electrolysis, contributing to cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Recent studies have reported significant advancements, especially in alkaline membrane fuel cells.
Article
Electrochemistry
Yiwei Zheng, Garrett Huang, Mrinmay Mandal, John R. Varcoe, Paul A. Kohl, William. E. Mustain
Summary: This study presents a solution using an anion exchange membrane fuel cell as a CO2 separator to reduce the CO2 concentration in the input air of AEMFCs, enabling stable operation of the main AEMFC, with demonstrated feasibility.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Applied
Mrinmay Mandal
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Mrinmay Mandal, Barr Zulevi, Paul A. Kohl, William E. Mustain, Noor Ul Hassan
Summary: The behavior of the oxygen-evolving positive electrode in an Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (AEMEL) is complex and influenced by various factors. This study investigates the effects of catalyst loading, catalyst selection, porous transport layer (PTL) type, and conductive additive content on the performance of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Through a design of experiments (DoE) approach and statistical analysis, the influence of each factor is evaluated. The findings can guide the optimal design of the electrode and aid in making design choices and performing techno-economic analyses.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mengjie Chen, Mrinmay Mandal, Katelyn Groenhout, Geoffrey McCool, Hui Min Tee, Barr Zulevi, Paul A. Kohl
Summary: Low-temperature water electrolysis using an anion conductive polymer electrolyte with chemically bonded hydroxide conducting ionomers and durable electrodes showed excellent adhesion and stable voltage performance.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Noor Ul Hassan, Michael J. Zachman, Mrinmay Mandal, Horie Adabi Firouzjaie, Paul A. Kohl, David A. Cullen, William E. Mustain
Summary: Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have made significant progress in terms of performance, but long-term performance loss is primarily caused by catalyst agglomeration. Additionally, polymer degradation was not significant due to the high hydration state. This study provides valuable information for the design and control of AEMFCs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Noor Ul Hassan, Michael J. Zachman, Mrinmay Mandal, Horie Adabi Firouzjaie, Paul A. Kohl, David A. Cullen, William E. Mustain
Summary: Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have made significant progress in performance, but long-term operation and performance losses are still challenges. This study demonstrates the ability of a high-performance AEMFC to operate for an extended period and investigates the reversibility of performance losses. It was found that suboptimal reaction conditions contribute to reversible performance losses, while catalyst agglomeration is the primary mechanism for long-term performance degradation. Understanding these changes is crucial for the design and control of AEMFC components.
Article
Polymer Science
Sagnik K. Roymuhury, Mrinmay Mandal, Debashis Chakraborty, Venkatachalam Ramkumar
Summary: Novel homoleptic Ti and Zr complexes with tridentate ONO-type Schiff base ligands were synthesized and characterized, showing catalytic activities towards the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. The study revealed the coordination-insertion mechanism of the polymerization process and verified the reactivity order towards lactide ring-opening polymerization through DFT studies.
Article
Polymer Science
Mrinmay Mandal, Debashis Chakraborty
POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B
(2020)
Article
Electrochemistry
Garrett Huang, Mrinmay Mandal, Noor Ul Hassan, Katelyn Groenhout, Alexandra Dobbs, William E. Mustain, Paul A. Kohl
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2020)
