Article
Neurosciences
Nozomi Asaoka, Masakazu Ibi, Hikari Hatakama, Koki Nagaoka, Kazumi Iwata, Misaki Matsumoto, Masato Katsuyama, Shuji Kaneko, Chihiro Yabe-Nishimura
Summary: The study revealed that NOX1 regulates repetitive behavior in mice by facilitating excitatory synaptic inputs in the central striatum. Deficiency or inhibition of NOX1 can significantly reduce repeated D-2 receptor stimulation-induced repetitive behavior without affecting motor responses.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Trevor. W. Robbins
Summary: This scientific commentary discusses the research conducted by Kim et al. on the unbalanced fronto-pallidal neurocircuit underlying set shifting in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, published in the journal Brain.
Article
Neurosciences
Angelica P. Escobar, Jonathan Martinez-Pinto, Francisco Silva-Olivares, Ramon Sotomayor-Zarate, Pablo R. Moya
Summary: EAAT3 overexpression impacts dopamine transmission, making dopamine neurons more sensitive to the effects of amphetamine and leading to an imbalance between the direct and indirect striatal pathways that favors the performance of repetitive behaviors.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sean C. Piantadosi, Brittany L. Chamberlain, Jill R. Glausier, David A. Lewis, Susanne E. Ahmari
Summary: Studies have found that OCD patients have significantly lower levels of transcripts related to excitatory signaling in both cortical and striatal regions compared to unaffected individuals. While the majority of transcripts encoding excitatory synaptic proteins were lower in OFC, there were no significant differences in the striatum of OCD subjects. These findings suggest a potential upstream causal event in the observed lower levels of multiple glutamatergic transcripts across both medial and lateral OFC.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Hannah F. Jones, Velda X. Han, Shrujna Patel, Brian S. Gloss, Nicolette Soler, Alvin Ho, Suvasini Sharma, Kavitha Kothur, Margherita Nosadini, Louise Wienholt, Chris Hardwick, Elizabeth H. Barnes, Jacqueline R. Lim, Sarah Alshammery, Timothy C. Nielsen, Melanie Wong, Markus J. Hofer, Natasha Nassar, Wendy Gold, Fabienne Brilot, Shekeeb S. Mohammad, Russell C. Dale
Summary: Genetic variation is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders, but environmental factors during pregnancy and early life also play a significant role. Studies show that mothers and families of children with tic disorders and OCD have higher rates of autoimmune diseases and other pro-inflammatory states, implying a potential link between maternal inflammation and childhood neurodevelopmental disorders.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Louise Destree, Mary-Ellen E. Brierley, Lucy Albertella, Laura Jobson, Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review on the relationships between childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) severity. The results showed a significant relationship between exposure to childhood trauma and OCS severity in both clinical and non-clinical populations. It was also found that a range of childhood trauma types, rather than a single type, was associated with OCD.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Wenxin Tang, Ting Shen, Yueqi Huang, Wenjing Zhu, Shujun You, Cheng Zhu, Luyue Zhang, Jiehua Ma, Yiquan Wang, Jingping Zhao, Tao Li, Hsin-Yi Lai
Summary: This study investigated the differences in brain structure, neural activity, and white matter microstructure between drug-naive OCD patients and healthy controls using ultrahigh field 7.0 T multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed that drug-naive OCD patients had increased gray matter volume in the frontal cortex, especially in the orbitofrontal cortex, and decreased volume in the temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and cerebellum. Altered neural activities and connectivities were also observed. These findings suggest that alterations in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, limbic system, default mode network, and other networks are involved in the neurophysiology of OCD.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Behrang Mahjani, Katharina Bey, Julia Boberg, Christie Burton
Summary: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heritable, polygenic disorder with contributions from both common and rare genetic variants. Genetics play an important role in the susceptibility to OCD, with discrete OCD symptom dimensions having both shared and unique genetic risks. Genome-wide studies show that OCD shares genetic risk with its comorbid conditions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Prerika Sharma, Maria C. Rosario, Ygor A. Ferrao, Lucy Albertella, Euripedes C. Miguel, Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of patients with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and found that comorbid GAD was associated with an increased number of avoidant behaviors and greater severity of anxiety.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lingxiao Cao, Hailong Li, Xinyu Hu, Jing Liu, Yingxue Gao, Kaili Liang, Lianqing Zhang, Xinyue Hu, Xuan Bu, Lu Lu, Yanlin Wang, Shi Tang, Qiyong Gong, Xiaoqi Huang
Summary: This study aimed to identify pathophysiological specifics in OCD with different onset times by assessing amygdala subregional functional connectivity alterations. The findings emphasized different patterns of amygdala subregional connectivity alterations associated with EO-OCD and LO-OCD patients, providing unique insights into constructing distinct OCD subtypes based on brain intrinsic connectivity. Specific management for EO-OCD and LO-OCD patients may be needed based on these results.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Faranak Kadivari, Mahmoud Najafi, Vahid Khosravani
Summary: This study found that childhood maltreatment has both direct and indirect effects on obsessive-compulsive symptoms, with the indirect effect mediated by the behavioral inhibition system. The findings highlight the role of the behavioral inhibition system in linking childhood maltreatment to obsessive-compulsive symptomology.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Katherine Parkin, Shanquan Chen, Marjan Biria, James Plaistow, Helen Beckwith, Isaac Jarratt-Barnham, Nuria Segarra, Yulia Worbe, Naomi A. Fineberg, Rudolf N. Cardinal, Trevor W. Robbins, Emilio Fernandez-Egea
Summary: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) commonly occur in patients treated with clozapine and can significantly affect subjective wellbeing. This study found that OCS severity had a negative impact on wellbeing scores, independent of depressive and psychotic symptoms. However, OCS did not impair general functioning. Obsessional thinking and hoarding behavior, rather than compulsions, were specifically associated with decreased wellbeing, possibly due to the nature of the compulsions.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram, William Grunewald, Shelby N. Ortiz, Joshua M. Magee, April R. Smith
Summary: This study revealed a bidirectional longitudinal relationship between eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder, particularly in terms of cognitive symptoms.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram, William Grunewald, Shelby N. Ortiz, Joshua M. Magee, April R. Smith
Summary: The study found a bidirectional, longitudinal relationship between symptoms of eating disorders (ED) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), particularly in terms of cognitive symptoms. However, this longitudinal association was only present at certain time points.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lining Yin, Fang Han, Ying Yu, Qingyun Wang
Summary: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with abnormalities in brain networks, characterized by low-frequency oscillations and burst firing patterns. Dysregulation of the orbitofronto-subcortical loop may contribute to OCD and serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and treatment advancement.
COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Jason Smucny, Samuel J. Dienel, David A. Lewis, Cameron S. Carter
Summary: Studies have shown that the pathology of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays a central role in the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia, particularly in working memory and cognitive control.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad O. Chohan, Jared M. Kopelman, Hannah Yueh, Zeinab Fazlali, Natasha Greene, Alexander Z. Harris, Peter D. Balsam, E. David Leonardo, Edgar R. Kramer, Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele, Susanne E. Ahmari
Summary: This study found that overexpression of Slc1a1 in dopaminergic neurons is associated with compulsive-like behavior in mice, suggesting that altered dopaminergic transmission may contribute to obsessive-compulsive disorder. These findings support the potential of normalizing EAAT3 activity as a treatment target.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Dominique Arion, John F. Enwright, Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos, David A. Lewis
Summary: Reciprocal connections between primate dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices play a crucial role in cognitive processes, and the transcriptomes of layer 3 pyramidal neurons in different regions exhibit regional and projection type specificity.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Rebecca B. Price, Fabio Ferrarelli, Colleen Hanlon, Claire M. Gillan, Tae Kim, Greg J. Siegle, Meredith L. Wallace, Marlee Renard, Rachel Kaskie, Michelle Degutis, Anna Wears, Vanessa Brown, Manivel Rengasamy, Susanne E. Ahmari
Summary: Compulsive behaviors are linked to orbitofrontal cortex function. The study shows that intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) leads to increased functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and other regions compared to continuous TBS (cTBS).
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kyle D. Ketchesin, Wei Zong, Mariah A. Hildebrand, Madeline R. Scott, Marianne L. Seney, Kelly M. Cahill, Vaishnavi G. Shankar, Jill R. Glausier, David A. Lewis, George C. Tseng, Colleen A. McClung
Summary: Psychosis is a defining feature of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and it is associated with disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythms. This study investigated the diurnal alterations in gene expression in the striatum of subjects with psychosis using RNA sequencing and differential expression and rhythmicity analyses. The findings revealed differential expression of immune-related transcripts and a loss of rhythmicity in core circadian clock genes in subjects with psychosis, as well as specific changes in mitochondrial-related transcripts, small nucleolar RNAs, and glutamatergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriel E. Hoffman, Andrew E. Jaffe, Michael J. Gandal, Leonardo Collado-Torres, Solveig K. Sieberts, Bernie Devlin, Daniel H. Geschwind, Daniel R. Weinberger, Panos Roussos
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kenneth N. Fish, Brad R. Rocco, James D. Wilson, David A. Lewis
Summary: This study found that GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia are impaired. The decrease in GAD67 messenger RNA levels in these patients affects a subset of calbindin-expressing GABA neurons.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos, Takeaki Miyamae, Yosuke Nishihata, Olga L. Krimer, David A. Lewis
Summary: In schizophrenia, deficits in markers of excitatory synaptic inputs disrupt the patterns of neural network activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The study investigates the pruning of weak and immature synapses during periadolescence and finds that there is a uniform pattern of synaptic pruning across the full distribution of synaptic strengths in layer 3 pyramidal neurons. This finding has implications for understanding the pathogenesis and consequences of dendritic spine deficits in schizophrenia.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Aaron K. Jenkins, David A. Lewis, David W. Volk
Summary: Cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia may be caused by excessive immune response leading to the phagocytosis of dendritic spines by microglia. This study found increased levels of C4 and microglia-specific markers in schizophrenia patients, suggesting the involvement of immune processes in the development of schizophrenia.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Britny A. Hildebrandt, Hayley Fisher, Zoe LaPalombara, Michael E. Young, Susanne E. Ahmari
Summary: Binge eating is a maladaptive repetitive feeding behavior found in eating disorders, and its underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the in vivo neural activity within the infralimbic cortex and dorsolateral striatum during binge eating episodes. The results suggest that the dorsolateral striatum may play a role in chronic binge eating, offering a potential target for future treatments.
Article
Psychiatry
Samuel J. Dienel, Kenneth N. Fish, David A. Lewis
Summary: A study found that mRNA levels of somatostatin (SST) and parvalbumin (PV) are lower in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in schizophrenia. It is unclear whether this is due to lower transcript levels per neuron or fewer neurons. Distinguishing between these possibilities is crucial for understanding DLPFC dysfunction in schizophrenia and developing new treatments.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Britny A. Hildebrandt, Hayley Fisher, Susanne E. Ahmari
Summary: Research shows that binge eating is a long-lasting behavior associated with chronic illness and poor treatment outcomes. Clinical research is limited in capturing the full course of binge eating, but preclinical approaches provide insights into factors contributing to binge eating persistence. This study developed a translational model for binge eating by quantifying the onset of binge-like eating and modeling cycles of abstinence/relapse. The findings suggest that daily 2-hour access to palatable food leads to an escalation of intake, especially in female mice, and this pattern persists across multiple cycles of behavioral incubation.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kevin F. Dowling, Samuel J. Dienel, Zackery Barile, H. Holly Bazmi, David A. Lewis
Summary: This study found that the transcript levels of GAD67 and GAD65 were lower in the DLPFC cortex of schizophrenia patients, especially in the superficial zone. This suggests that limitations in GABA synthesis in the superficial DLPFC may contribute to working memory impairments in schizophrenia.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos, Takeaki Miyamae, Nita Reddy, Sidney Dawkins, Chloe Chen, Avyi Hill, John Enwright, Bard Ermentrout, David A. Lewis
Summary: In primates, the DLPFC and PPC cortices play crucial roles in the working memory network, with higher frequency oscillations observed in DLPFC. The higher frequency in DLPFC may be attributed to a greater quantity of synapses in the basal dendrites, leading to stronger synaptically evoked excitation and subsequently, increased oscillation frequency and power. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying regional differences in oscillation properties between brain regions.
Article
Psychiatry
Samuel J. Dienel, Kevin F. Dowling, Zackery Barile, H. Holly Bazmi, Amy Liu, Julia C. Vespoli, Kenneth N. Fish, David A. Lewis
Summary: This study aimed to quantify mRNA levels of somatostatin (SST) and related neuropeptides in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), or major depressive disorder (MDD). The findings revealed lower levels of SST mRNA in both superficial and deep zones of the DLPFC in SZ individuals, and lower levels of SST only in the superficial zone in the MDD group. Neuropeptide alterations in the superficial zone were associated with lower educational attainment in the SZ group.