Article
Urology & Nephrology
Yi-Hsin Chan, Tze-Fan Chao, Shao-Wei Chen, Yi-Wei Kao, Chien-Ying Huang, Pao-Hsien Chu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether background medications modify the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor on eGFR and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that background use of renin-angiotensin inhibitor and loop diuretics was associated with a larger initial decline in eGFR, while background use of metformin was associated with a smaller initial decline in eGFR. Except for renin-angiotensin system inhibitor with favorable outcomes and loop diuretics with worse composite kidney outcomes, most medications were not associated with long-term kidney outcomes in patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitor.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Buena Aziri, Edin Begic, Slobodan Jankovic, Zorica Mladenovic, Bojan Stanetic, Tamara Kovacevic-Preradovic, Amer Iglica, Aida Mujakovic
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors are critical components of heart failure treatment, improving the quality of life in heart failure patients and showing beneficial effects even in those without diabetes or atrial fibrillation.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Edouard L. Fu, Catherine M. Clase, Roemer J. Janse, Bengt Lindholm, Friedo W. Dekker, Meg J. Jardine, Juan-Jesus Carrero
Summary: This study investigates the comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) on cardiovascular outcomes in routine clinical practice. The study finds no significant differences in major adverse cardiovascular events between the two therapies, but the use of SGLT2i is associated with a small increase in the risk of ischemic stroke.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daria M. Keller, Natasha Ahmed, Hamza Tariq, Malsha Walgamage, Thilini Walgamage, Azad Mohammed, Jadzia Tin-Tsen Chou, Marta Kaluzna-Oleksy, Maciej Lesiak, Ewa Straburzynska-Migaj
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors not only show excellent performance in improving glycemic control, but also have a positive impact on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. New guidelines recommend SGLT2 inhibitors as first-line treatment for heart failure patients, bringing new hope for the treatment of heart failure patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Milton Packer, Javed Butler, Faiez Zannad, Gerasimos Filippatos, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Stuart J. Pocock, Peter Carson, Inder Anand, Wolfram Doehner, Markus Haass, Michel Komajda, Alan Miller, Steen Pehrson, John R. Teerlink, Sven Schnaidt, Cordula Zeller, Janet M. Schnee, Stefan D. Anker
Summary: Empagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of heart failure-related inpatient and outpatient events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, including cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, and urgent visits, while also decreasing total heart failure hospitalizations and intensive care admissions. Patients receiving empagliflozin may experience improved New York Heart Association functional class levels.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eric Pasqualotto, Janine Midori Figueiredo Watanabe, Douglas Mesadri Gewehr, Raphaela da Silva Maintinguer, Simone van de Sande-Lee, Gustavo Neves de Araujo, Fidel Silveira Leal, Carlos Eduardo Andrade Pinheiro
Summary: This study found that bexagliflozin can effectively reduce HbA1c levels, blood pressure, and body weight in patients with T2DM, with similar side effects compared to placebo.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Tanawat Attachaipanich, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, Nipon Chattipakorn
Summary: This review summarizes the current available evidence regarding the potential benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors against cardiac arrhythmias, ranging from basic research to clinical reports. It comprehensively examines the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on cardiac action potential, cellular ion currents, calcium ion homeostasis, and cardiac mitochondrial function, as well as the association with arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jessica M. Franklin, Elisabetta Patorno, Rishi J. Desai, Robert J. Glynn, David Martin, Kenneth Quinto, Ajinkya Pawar, Lily G. Bessette, Hemin Lee, Elizabeth M. Garry, Nileesa Gautam, Sebastian Schneeweiss
Summary: The study found differences between RCT and corresponding RWE study populations, but showed that selecting active comparator therapies with similar indications and use patterns can enhance the validity of RWE. Despite efforts to closely emulate RCT design, agreement between RCT and RWE findings varied depending on the agreement metric used, indicating the need for further research to understand the frequency and contexts in which RWE findings match RCTs.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nam Hoon Kim, Nan Hee Kim
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors play a crucial role in the management of diabetic kidney disease, reducing the risk of progression to ESKD and delaying or preventing cardiovascular and renal adverse events.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fritha J. Morrison, Maxwell Su, Alexander Turchin
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether patients taking four classes of cardioprotective medications have a lower risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19. The results showed that cardioprotective medications were not associated with a consistent benefit in COVID-19, with the exception of aspirin which was associated with a significantly higher risk of hospitalization.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Pasquale Mone, Fahimeh Varzideh, Stanislovas S. Jankauskas, Antonella Pansini, Angela Lombardi, Salvatore Frullone, Gaetano Santulli
Summary: This study investigated the functional role of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in frail diabetic and hypertensive older adults. The results showed that empagliflozin improved cognitive function and gait speed, and reduced frailty in these patients. Mechanistically, empagliflozin reduced mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jun Sung Moon, Nam Hoon Kim, Jin Oh Na, Jae Hyoung Cho, In-Kyung Jeong, Soon Hee Lee, Ji-Oh Mok, Nan Hee Kim, Dong Jin Chung, Jinhong Cho, Dong Woo Lee, Sun Woo Lee, Kyu Chang Won
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of empagliflozin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was found that empagliflozin had a good glycemic and weight-reducing effect, with no serious adverse events.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Milton Packer, Stefan D. Anker, Javed Butler, Gerasimos Filippatos, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Stuart J. Pocock, Peter Carson, Inder Anand, Wolfram Doehner, Markus Haass, Michel Komajda, Alan Miller, Steen Pehrson, John R. Teerlink, Martina Brueckmann, Waheed Jamal, Cordula Zeller, Sven Schnaidt, Faiez Zannad
Summary: Empagliflozin reduces the risk and total number of worsening heart failure events in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, with benefits seen early after treatment initiation and sustained throughout the therapy.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tsung-Kun Lin, Mei-Chun Lee, Yu-Han Cheng, Timothy Ma, Mei-Chun Chen, Tsung-Yuan Yang, Gwo-Ping Jong
Summary: Observational and meta-analytical studies have shown that users of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have a lower risk for new-onset acute coronary syndrome (ACS) than nonusers. However, some studies, including randomized clinical trials, reported the opposite results. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of a SGLT2i on new-onset ACS.
DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Seung-Hwan Lee, Kyung-Wan Min, Byung-Wan Lee, In-Kyung Jeong, Soon-Jib Yoo, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Yoon-Hee Choi, Kun-Ho Yoon
Summary: The study showed that dapagliflozin could effectively reduce glucose levels in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatment, but did not significantly affect glucose variability. Further investigations are needed to determine the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in glycemic variability.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Cindy Xinxin Du, Chenxi Huang, Yuan Lu, Erica S. Spatz, Kasia J. Lipska, Harlan M. Krumholz
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Casey E. Cavanagh, Lindsey Rosman, Philip Chui, Karl Minges, Nihar R. Desai, Sarah Goodlin, Savitri Fedson, John A. Spertus, Ty J. Gluckman, Yang Song, Luke Zheng, Alexander Turchin, Gheorghe Doros, Jane J. Lee, Matthew M. Burg
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuan Lu, Cindy Xinxin Du, Hazar Khidir, Cesar Caraballo, Shiwani Mahajan, Erica S. Spatz, Leslie A. Curry, Harlan M. Krumholz
Summary: This study developed an actionable taxonomy for classifying patients with persistent hypertension based on electronic health record data. The categories identified can be used to improve the management and treatment of patients with high blood pressure.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mark L. Metersky, Yun Wang, Michael Klompas, Sheila Eckenrode, Jasie Mathew, Harlan M. Krumholz
Summary: The rate of postoperative pneumonia among patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures in the United States has significantly decreased from 2009 to 2019. However, there has been no change in the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kushal T. Kadakia, Adam L. Beckman, Harlan M. Krumholz
Summary: The US Food and Drug Administration should take action to combat health misinformation by updating product labeling, investing in monitoring and addressing the internet and social media's influence.
Article
Clinical Neurology
A. Avesta, Y. Hui, M. Aboian, J. Duncan, H. M. Krumholz, S. Aneja
Summary: Researchers developed and validated a capsule network for segmenting brain images, which showed high efficacy and accuracy. The capsule network is capable of handling images that were not represented during training. Compared with other models, the capsule network is more computationally efficient, requiring less memory and computational speed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chenxi Huang, Karthik Murugiah, Xumin Li, Frederick A. A. Masoudi, John C. C. Messenger, Kim A. A. Williams, Bobak J. J. Mortazavi, Harlan M. M. Krumholz
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuan Lu, George C. Linderman, Shiwani Mahajan, Yuntian Liu, Chenxi Huang, Rohan Khera, Bobak J. Mortazavi, Erica S. Spatz, Harlan M. Krumholz
Summary: This retrospective cohort study investigates the variability of blood pressure values and its association with patient characteristics in a real-world setting. The study finds that blood pressure variability is consistent across different patient subgroups and only 4% of the variability can be explained by patient characteristics. This suggests the need to go beyond episodic clinic evaluation for the management of patients with hypertension.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES
(2023)
Letter
Hematology
Kunal C. Potnis, Giri Viswanathan, Robert D. Bona, Satoko Ito, Christine L. Kempton, Ankur Pandya, Harlan M. Krumholz, George Goshua
Summary: Prophylactic emicizumab is not cost-effective in adults with moderate or mild hemophilia A without inhibitors at current pricing. The price of prophylactic emicizumab would need to decrease by >35% to become cost-effective in this patient population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Uri Bender, Colleen M. Norris, Rachel P. Dreyer, Harlan M. Krumholz, Valeria Raparelli, Louise Pilote
Summary: Gender-related factors are associated with the length of hospital stay in patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, independent of sex. Age, unemployment, and country of hospitalization were independent predictors of hospital stay. Sociocultural factors may play a role in improving healthcare expenditure and resource allocation.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Aakriti Gupta, Andrea B. Barthel, Shiwani Mahajan, Rachel P. Dreyer, Henry Yaggi, Hector Bueno, Judith H. Lichtman, Harlan M. Krumholz
Summary: Young women with a high OSA risk have poorer health status and more depressive symptoms than men at the time of AMI, which may place them at higher risk of poorer health outcomes over the year following the AMI.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cenjing Zhu, Rachel P. Dreyer, Fan Li, Erica S. Spatz, Cesar Caraballo-Cordovez, Shiwani Mahajan, Valeria Raparelli, Erica C. Leifheit, Yuan Lu, Harlan M. Krumholz, John A. Spertus, Gail D'Onofrio, Louise Pilote, Judith H. Lichtman
Summary: Marital stress is significantly associated with worse health outcomes in young patients with acute myocardial infarction, highlighting the need for routine screening and interventions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anisa Rowhani-Farid, Mikas Grewal, Steven Solar, Allen O. Eghrari, Audrey D. Zhang, Cary P. Gross, Harlan M. Krumholz, Joseph S. Ross
Summary: The impact and effectiveness of clinical trial data sharing initiatives may vary depending on the data sharing model. By comparing the centralized model used by NHLBI and the decentralized model used by NCI, we found that more NHLBI-funded trials shared data and had more shared data publications. This suggests that the centralized data sharing model is more effective in promoting data sharing.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Yiqun Ma, Emma Zang, Ijeoma Opara, Yuan Lu, Harlan M. Krumholz, Kai Chen
Summary: Average ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations have decreased in the US, but the health benefits among different racial/ethnic groups are unknown. A study found that for every 1 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 concentration, there was a significant increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths among Black individuals compared to non-Hispanic white individuals. The study also showed a reduction in PM2.5-attributable CVD mortality burden between different racial/ethnic groups, although disparities still remained.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Akshay Khunte, Veer Sangha, Evangelos K. Oikonomou, Lovedeep S. Dhingra, Arya Aminorroaya, Bobak J. Mortazavi, Andreas Coppi, Cynthia A. Brandt, Harlan M. Krumholz, Rohan Khera
Summary: Artificial intelligence (AI) can detect left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) from noisy electrocardiograms (ECGs) obtained from wearable and portable devices. A novel strategy was developed to automate the detection of hidden cardiovascular diseases, such as LVSD, by training AI models on ECGs augmented with real-world noise sources. The noise-adapted model outperforms the standard model on ECGs augmented with portable ECG device noise at multiple signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2023)