Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.605258
Keywords
Epstein Barr virus; Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus; viral IL-10; viral IL-6; viral G-protein coupled receptor; early lytic EBV antigen specific T cells; natural killer cells
Categories
Funding
- Cancer Research Switzerland [KFS-4091-02-2017, KFS-4962-02-2020]
- Cancer Research Center Zurich
- Baugarten Foundation
- Sobek Foundation
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute
- Roche
- Novartis
- SwissNational Science Foundation [310030B_182827, CRSII5_180323]
- University of Zurich
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EBV and KSHV are oncogenic gamma-herpesviruses associated with 1-2% of human tumors, encoding bona fide oncogenes expressed during latent infection. Recent studies have shown that early lytic replication of these viruses supports tumorigenesis, contrary to previous beliefs that lytic infection destroys host cells.
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two oncogenic human gamma-herpesviruses that are each associated with 1-2% of human tumors. They encode bona fide oncogenes that they express during latent infection to amplify their host cells and themselves within these. In contrast, lytic virus particle producing infection has been considered to destroy host cells and might be even induced to therapeutically eliminate EBV and KSHV associated tumors. However, it has become apparent in recent years that early lytic replication supports tumorigenesis by these two human oncogenic viruses. This review will discuss the evidence for this paradigm change and how lytic gene products might condition the microenvironment to facilitate EBV and KSHV associated tumorigenesis.
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