Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Aburpa Avanachari Sivakumar, Cristian Canales, Angel Roco-Videla, Manuel Chavez
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of banana leaf fibre on the mechanical and thermal properties of thermoplastic cassava starch. The results show that the addition of banana leaf fibre significantly improves the flexural and tensile characteristics, enhances thermal stability, and strengthens the adhesion between the matrix and fibre in the biocomposites.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Z. N. Diyana, R. Jumaidin, M. Z. Selamat, M. S. M. Suan, K. Z. Hazrati, Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof, R. A. Ilyas, Sayed M. Eldin
Summary: In this study, a biodegradable thermoplastic cassava starch/beeswax blend reinforced with Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre (TCPS/BW/PAF) was successfully developed. The addition of Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties, as well as reduced the biodegradation rate. The TCPS/BW/PAF bio-composites showed potential for applications in biopolymer and bio-packaging industries.
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Azlin Fazlina Osman, Lilian Siah, Awad A. Alrashdi, Anwar Ul-Hamid, Ismail Ibrahim
Summary: By incorporating dolomite filler into thermoplastic starch matrix to form biocomposites, this study found that biocomposites with higher dolomite loading exhibited better mechanical properties, with further improvement observed in sonicated dolomite samples. Analysis using FTIR and XRD confirmed the enhancement in the properties of the biocomposites.
Article
Polymer Science
Zatil Hafila Kamaruddin, Ridhwan Jumaidin, Zatil Hazrati Kamaruddin, Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Tabrej Khan
Summary: This paper studied the effect of Cymbopogan citratus fibre (CCF) on the properties of thermoplastic cassava starch/palm wax (TCPS/PW) composites. The results showed that adding CCF significantly improved the impact strength, reduced solubility, and increased water resistance of the composites. Additionally, the thickness of the samples decreased with increasing CCF content.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Talita A. Santos, Marcia A. S. Spinace
Summary: The importance of using biodegradable polymers such as starch and cellulose to reduce environmental damage was discussed in the article, and the experimental results show that TPS/BC has good reinforcement effects in terms of mechanical properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Zatil Hafila Kamaruddin, Ridhwan Jumaidin, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Mohd Zulkefli Selamat, Roziela Hanim Alamjuri, Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof
Summary: In this study, biodegradable reinforcements were developed by incorporating Cymbopogan citratus fibre (CCF) into thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS). The results showed that the TPCS composites with 50 wt.% CCF content exhibited the best mechanical properties. The addition of CCF improved the thermal stability of the material and slowed down the biodegradation process. Morphological analysis confirmed the uniform dispersion of fibres and excellent adhesion, contributing to the enhanced mechanical performance of the biocomposites.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Yuxin Liu, Liangyan Liao, Junmei Xiong, Zesheng Liang
Summary: The effects of sisal fiber content and its surface treatment on the thermal degradation behavior and structures of thermoplastic cassava starch composites were investigated. It was found that increasing fiber content can enhance the thermal decomposition temperature, and sisal fiber treated with sodium hydroxide showed better thermal stability.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Di Sheng Lai, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Sinar Arzuria Adnan, Ismail Ibrahim, Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi, Awad A. Alrashdi
Summary: This study highlights the effectiveness of hybrid fillers in inhibiting the aging process of thermoplastic corn starch film (TPCS). The results show that incorporating the hybrid filler (NC + BT) effectively prevented retrogradation of the starch molecules after 3 months of storage, improving the flexibility of the film.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
K. Z. Hafila, R. Jumaidin, R. A. Ilyas, M. Z. Selamat, Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof
Summary: The current study evaluated the characteristics of thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS) containing various levels of palm wax, showing that incorporating palm wax significantly improves the mechanical properties of starch-based thermoplastics and enhances their moisture resistance. The samples also exhibited intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonds between TPCS and palm wax. Overall, TPCS blended with palm wax demonstrates potential as a biodegradable material with enhanced mechanical and moisture resistance properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Di Sheng Lai, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Sinar Arzuria Adnan, Ismail Ibrahim, Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi, Mariatti Jaafar Mustapha
Summary: This communication reports a method to produce thermoplastic corn starch (TPCS) films with excellent mechanical strength, high flexibility and high toughness through the hybridization of two natural nanofillers: nanobentonite and nanocellulose. The synergistic effect of the hybrid nanofillers can be observed through the arrangement of alternating nacre structures where the nanobentonite silicate layers are responsible for mechanical strength, while the nanocellulose promotes free volume in the TPCS matrix and triggers high film elongation at break.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Juliana Both Engel, Claudia Leites Luchese, Isabel Cristina Tessaro
Summary: This study explored the use of cassava residues in producing foams, finding that pre-gelatinization can enhance the mechanical strength and elongation of biocomposites, while cassava inner bark can be used to create packaging materials with lower water absorption capacity. Additionally, skipping the pre-gelatinization step can increase production speed and reduce costs.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ming Li, Yunxiu Jia, Xin Shen, Tao Shen, Zhuotao Tan, Wei Zhuang, Gulin Zhao, Chenjie Zhu, Hanjie Ying
Summary: This study found that lignin has a compatibilization effect on PBAT and TPS, improving thermal stability, mechanical properties, and interfacial compatibility of the composites. Furthermore, lignin enhances hydrophobicity and water repelling ability of the composites, which is beneficial for prolonged mechanical properties and shelf life.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Phetdaphat Boonsuk, Apinya Sukolrat, Sain Bourkaew, Kaewta Kaewtatip, Sirinya Chantarak, Antonios Kelarakis, Chiraphon Chaibundit
Summary: The study investigated the structure-properties relationships in thermoplastic cassava starch (TPS) based biocomposites with untreated and treated rice husk (RH) at different weight percentages. Alkaline treatment of RH improved filler-matrix interactions and surface properties, leading to enhanced tensile strength of the biocomposites. However, high water absorption was observed in biocomposites with 15 wt% treated RH, while all biocomposites showed high biodegradation rates and slightly decreased thermal stability. These composites exhibit promising properties for absorbent applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Marcellin M. A. Adjoumane, Assanvo F. Edja, Jackson Doe-Mensah, David Boa, Mark Driscoll
Summary: Thermoplastic cassava starch films were synthesized using different ratios of native cassava starch, glycerol, and cardanol-based plasticizers. The concentration of cardanol-based co-plasticizers greatly influenced the mechanical properties, with significant increases in modulus and tensile strength, as well as a decrease in elongation. The moisture content and thermal resistance were also affected by the co-plasticizer content.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhibing Ni, Jianan Shi, Mengya Li, Wen Lei, Wangwang Yu
Summary: Astragalus residue powder (ARP)/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were prepared using fused-deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printing technology. The physico-mechanical properties and soil degradation behavior of the biocomposites were investigated. The results showed that increasing the dosage of ARP decreased the sample's tensile and flexural strengths, elongation at break, and thermal stability, while increasing the dosage of TPS decreased all of these properties. The study concluded that the FDM 3D-printed ARP/TPS/PLA biocomposites are easily degradable in soil conditions.
Review
Polymer Science
M. R. M. Asyraf, M. R. Ishak, Agusril Syamsir, A. L. Amir, N. M. Nurazzi, M. N. F. Norrrahim, Mochamad Asrofi, M. Rafidah, R. A. Ilyas, Mohamad Zakir Abd Rashid, M. R. Razman
Summary: This manuscript reviews previous literature on filament-wound polymer composites and their potential applications as cross arm structures in latticed transmission towers. The current trend of using pultruded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites for cross arms without additional configurations may lead to sudden failure due to creep and laminate crack propagation caused by extreme tropical climate and dynamic wind loads. Previous literature suggests that glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites exhibit superior corrosion resistance, strength, resilience to extreme conditions, and serviceability. Additionally, these composites can also function as good insulators in lightning impulse strength. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt a core structure as reinforcement in the cross arm design using filament winding process to ensure long-term structural integrity and withstand extreme environmental conditions.
Article
Polymer Science
Balwant Singh, Raman Kumar, Jasgurpreet Chohan, Shubham Sharma, Jujhar Singh, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Sanjay M. Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, Kakur Naresh, Sowmya Raghu, Robin James
Summary: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an efficient method commonly used for the development of biomedical implants, bio-sensors, and customized products. This study focuses on the calculation and measurement of the melt flow rate of copper reinforced ABS and nylon 6 thermoplastic matrices using FDM. The results show that the melt flow index decreases with an increase in copper powder concentration in nylon 6, while it initially increases and then decreases with the addition of more copper powder particulates in ABS.
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Z. A. S. Nafis, M. Nuzaimah, S. I. Abdul Kudus, Y. Yusuf, R. A. Ilyas, V. F. Knight, M. N. F. Norrrahim
Summary: The study examined the effect of wood dust fibre treatment on the properties of wood dust reinforced recycled polypropylene composite (r-WoPPC) filament. The wood dust fibre was treated with alkali, silane, and NaOH-silane. The silane treated wood fibre showed the highest wire pull strength due to enhanced interfacial bonding with recycled PP. The treated filament also exhibited minimal void, gap, and good fibre adhesion, resulting in reduced water absorption and improved mechanical properties.
Article
Polymer Science
Abdulrahman A. B. A. Mohammed, Zaimah Hasan, Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran, Abdulhafid M. M. Elfaghi, M. A. Khattak, R. A. Ilyas, S. M. Sapuan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different plasticizers (glycerol, fructose, sorbitol, and urea) on the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical characteristics of wheat starch films at various concentrations. The addition of plasticizers improved the flexibility and homogeneity of the films. Films plasticized with 35% sorbitol showed the highest elongation, while fructose showed the highest tensile strength at 35%. Glycerol films had the lowest water absorption at 35% fructose and showed coherent surfaces. Fructose exhibited the best performance with low water absorption, water content, and mass loss, and high mechanical performance at 35% concentration. SEM images showed that fructose and glycerol improved surface homogeneity, while sorbitol and urea had a less compact structure with large pores.
Review
Materials Science, Textiles
Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf, Agusril Syamsir, Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak, Salit Mohd Sapuan, Norizan Mohd Nurazzi, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Tabrej Khan, Mohamad Zakir Abd Rashid
Summary: Sustainability is a global concern as synthetic materials, particularly petroleum, are being heavily reduced. Many sectors and researchers are now focusing on using lignocellulosic fibers from biomass wastes as a substitute for synthetic fibers and reinforcing bio-based polymer composites. The shift towards green composites is due to their availability, low carbon emissions, and biodegradability. However, research has found that there is still a lack of suitable matches for the unique material attributes of green composites.
FIBERS AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Walid Abotbina, S. M. Sapuan, M. T. H. Sultan, M. F. M. Alkbir, R. A. Ilyas
Summary: The study examines the use of black seed fiber as a reinforcing material for cornstarch-based biocomposites. Different concentrations of black seed fiber and a plasticizer mixture were used to fabricate the biocomposites. The results showed that increasing the black seed fiber concentration improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the films, but decreased biodegradability. The addition of black seed fiber has the potential to enhance the performance of biopolymers in response to community needs and environmental concerns.
FIBERS AND POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
C. D. Midhun Dominic, K. V. Neenu, S. Mohammad Sajadi, P. M. Sabura Begum, Anu Gopinath, A. S. Ragi, S. Sruthy, P. Dileep, Rani Joseph, R. A. Ilyas, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai
Summary: This paper presents a method to synthesize nano-calcium carbonate (NCC) from dead coral exoskeleton using a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared NCC was characterized and then used to prepare nanocomposites with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). The addition of NCC improved the mechanical, thermal, and swelling properties of NBR, with significant increases in tensile strength, thermal stability, and crosslink density.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Sneh P. Punia Bangar, R. A. Ilyas, Nisha Chaudhary, Sanju Bala Dhull, Amreen Chowdhury, Jose M. M. Lorenzo
Summary: Petro-based plastics have negative impacts on the environment during their lifecycle, while biopolymers reinforced with natural fibers (NFs) offer a sustainable alternative. NFs have advantages such as biodegradability, low density and cost, lightweight, better life cycle and mechanical properties compared to synthetic fibers. This review article focuses on the characterization and properties of plant-based NFs and their potential application as reinforcement in the packaging industry.
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Abdulrahman A. B. A. Mohammed, Zaimah Hasan, Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran, Abdulhafid M. Elfaghi, Yasir Hassan Ali, Norie A. A. Akeel, R. A. Ilyas, S. M. Sapuan
Summary: The addition of sugar palm fiber to starch, polyvinyl alcohol based film has significantly improved the physical properties and thermal stability. However, the enhancement in mechanical properties is limited.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
F. S. M. Radzi, M. J. Suriani, A. Abu Bakar, A. Khalina, C. M. Ruzaidi, W. B. Wan Nik, M. Awang, F. Zulkifli, S. Abdullah, R. A. Ilyas, Sayed M. Eldin
Summary: In the era of globalization, the decrease in synthetic resources has led global communities to explore natural fibres as alternative materials for green technology development. This study focuses on the growth of lignocellulose fibre-reinforced composites, which are abundant, sustainable, biodegradable, and low-cost. By reinforcing polyester resin with natural fibres such as sugar palm, kenaf, and bamboo, the mechanical properties and water absorption properties of the hybrid composites were investigated. The results showed that the composite with 45 wt% kenaf fibre had better tensile properties, and the composite with 60 wt% sugar palm fibre performed better in the Charpy impact strength test. The study concluded that sugar palm fibres demonstrated the best water resistance.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Imraan, R. A. Ilyas, A. S. Norfarhana, Sneh Punia Bangar, Victor Feizal Knight, M. N. F. Norrrahim
Summary: The widespread acceptance of natural fibres as green materials is influenced by the depletion of petroleum resources and the growing awareness of environmental issues. Sugar palm tree is a promising source of natural fibres, especially for composite materials. However, there are inconsistent data and values regarding the mechanical and physical properties of these fibres. Therefore, it is important to organize data for the design and future study of sugar palm fibres.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Abu Hassan Nordin, Abdul Samad Norfarhana, Siti Fadilla Md Noor, Syafikah Huda Paiman, Muhammad Luqman Nordin, Siti Muhamad Nur Husna, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Norzita Ngadi, Aznizam Abu Bakar, Zuliahani Ahmad, Mohammad Saifulddin Azami, Wan Izhan Nawawi, Walid Nabgan
Summary: Antibiotics and NSAIDs are common pharmaceutical contaminants in water bodies, causing negative impacts on ecology and human health. Adsorption, particularly using agricultural waste-derived adsorbents, shows promise for their removal due to easier operation and absence of byproducts. This study reviews recent progress in efficient adsorbents derived from agricultural waste for the removal of these contaminants, highlighting their advantages over commercial activated carbon in waste reduction and water pollution control.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Z. N. Diyana, R. Jumaidin, M. Z. Selamat, M. S. M. Suan, K. Z. Hazrati, Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof, R. A. Ilyas, Sayed M. Eldin
Summary: In this study, a biodegradable thermoplastic cassava starch/beeswax blend reinforced with Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre (TCPS/BW/PAF) was successfully developed. The addition of Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties, as well as reduced the biodegradation rate. The TCPS/BW/PAF bio-composites showed potential for applications in biopolymer and bio-packaging industries.
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dieter Rahmadiawan, Hairul Abral, Mohammad Khalid Ilham, Poppy Puspitasari, Rahmat Azis Nabawi, Shih-Chen Shi, Eni Sugiarti, Ahmad Novi Muslimin, Devi Chandra, R. A. Ilyas, Rahadian Zainul
Summary: The production of UV-resistant films from biomaterials is an active research area. ZnO nanoparticle polymer fillers improve UV-light opacity, but are expensive and time-consuming. This study suggests using Uncaria gambir extract to reduce cost, and found that BC/M biocomposites blocked 100% of UV light while remaining transparent.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
J. Yusuf, S. M. Sapuan, Umer Rashid, R. A. Ilyas, M. R. Hassan
Summary: The efficient inclusion of GNPs as nano-fillers in green polymer matrices produced from biomass carbon significantly improves mechanical and thermal properties. The study successfully dispersed GNPs in green epoxy using a solution blending technique and ultrasonic bath, resulting in nanocomposites with optimal dispersion. The addition of low wt% of GNPs also enhanced the thermal stability and mechanical performance of the green nanocomposites.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
