Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiaojun Liu, Zhongde Shan, Jianhua Liu, Huanxiong Xia, Xiaohui Ao, Ailing Zou, Siyuan Wu
Summary: This study aims to investigate the additive manufacturing process, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of continuous glass fiber-reinforced PEEK composites. By designing a dual-stage heating nozzle and optimizing the process, the mechanical and electrical performance of the composites are improved.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Lijun Li, Wenyao Liu, Lingyu Sun
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive study on the mechanical properties of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. The results show that the print fiber filament fill pattern and low strain rate have significant effects on the mechanical properties and failure behavior. The mechanical properties of different specimens can be predicted by the rule of mixing, except for notched specimens.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Nanya Li, Guido Link, John Jelonnek, Manuel V. C. Morais, Frank Henning
Summary: A method of microwave heating assisted additive manufacturing is proposed to achieve higher speed and efficiency in manufacturing Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CCFRP). By investigating the permittivity of printed specimens with different fiber volume fractions and establishing a micro-scale microwave radiation and heat transfer model, the relationship between temperature difference, filament diameter, and printing speed has been revealed. Thermal and microwave printed specimens were studied for non-isothermal crystallization behavior and mechanical strengths, with analysis conducted to explain the different results.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tim Heitkamp, Simon Girnth, Sebastian Kuschmitz, Guenter Klawitter, Nils Waldt, Thomas Vietor
Summary: The study on combining carbon and aramid fibers in additive manufacturing found that increasing aramid fiber content can increase impact strength but decrease tensile and flexural strength as well as stiffness. Microstructural investigations revealed debonding and delamination as the main failure mechanisms.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Md Atikur Rahman, Md Zahirul Islam, Luke Gibbon, Chad A. Ulven, John J. La Scala
Summary: This study addresses the challenge of 3D printing with continuous fiber-reinforced thermoset composite by developing a 3D printer capable of printing a UV curable resin system reinforced with continuous carbon fiber. The variations of printed composites' mechanical properties depending on the fiber tow characteristic were investigated, with two different carbon fiber types and their associated tow twist count and sizing evaluated. Burn-off tests were used to determine the printed composites' final fiber volume fraction, and predicted strength and modulus values were compared against experimental values, showing good agreement for modulus but significant deviation for strength.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Wei Chen, Zhonglue Hu, Xiping Li, Jiawen He, Sisi Wang, Yuan Zhao, Mengjia Li, Jiazhen Zhang
Summary: This study successfully printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced PA6 composites and achieved tunable mechanical strength by adjusting printing parameters. The specimens also exhibited outstanding mechanical strength at high temperatures.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sebastian Kuschmitz, Arne Schirp, Johannes Busse, Hagen Watschke, Claudia Schirp, Thomas Vietor
Summary: Additive manufacturing, especially material extrusion (MEX), has gained attention due to its advantages in producing complex, load-path optimized parts. To expand its application fields, high-strength and lightweight materials like continuous carbon and flax fibers are needed. Bonding fiber-matrix in one process step allows for a wider variety of material combinations.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Rossana R. Fernandes, Ali Y. Tamijani, Marwan Al-Haik
Summary: This study focuses on investigating the mechanical properties of thermoplastic matrix composites, finding that fiber layout influences the strength and glass transition temperature of printed composites, and dynamic mechanical analysis reveals high temperature-dependency and unexpectedly low frequency-dependency of the materials.
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Altug Usun, Recep Gumruk
Summary: The study investigated the additive manufacturing of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites with high mechanical properties based on PLA thermoplastic polymer. Initial results indicate that this manufacturing method could be promising for printing CFRTP parts with improved mechanical properties.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Congze Fan, Zhongde Shan, Guisheng Zou, Li Zhan, Dongdong Yan
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the formation mechanism of the bonding neck in additive manufacturing of continuous fiber composites. The influence of nozzle and basement temperatures on the bonding neck size was measured, and the impact of interfacial bonding quality on the destruction process of materials was determined. The study can assist in optimizing the process parameters and improving the precision of printing parts and performance between layers.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Yesong Wang, Jiang Liu, Yipeng Yu, Qing Zhang, Hongfu Li, Guokun Shi
Summary: This study focuses on investigating the printing track errors in CFRTPC 3D printing process and establishes a mathematical model for this technology. The model is validated through experiments, solving the problem of printer head clogging caused by fiber track errors.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Guang Liu, Yi Xiong, Limin Zhou
Summary: This paper reviews existing additive manufacturing techniques for continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites from the perspective of functional requirements, identifies design opportunities within the material, process, and structure domains, and presents novel applications enabled by additive manufacturing.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Sander Rijckaert, Lode Daelemans, Ludwig Cardon, Matthieu Boone, Wim Van Paepegem, Karen De Clerck
Summary: This study evaluates the in-nozzle impregnation of continuous aramid fiber reinforcement with glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) using a modified, low-cost, tabletop 3D printer. It analyzes how dimensional printing parameters affect the fiber volume fraction and fiber dispersion in printed composites. The results show that by varying these parameters, continuous 3D reinforced specimens with quality and properties comparable to traditional composite materials can be produced.
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Peng Zhuo, Shuguang Li, Ian A. Ashcroft, Arthur I. Jones
Summary: This review paper delves into the latest developments in continuous fiber reinforced 3D printing technology, reviewing the materials and devices used in current studies, discussing various processing methods, and providing a comprehensive summary of mechanical properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Stefan Grieder, Igor Zhilyaev, Marco Kueng, Christian Brauner, Michael Akermann, Jonas Bosshard, Petra Inderkum, Joao Francisco, Yannick Willemin, Martin Eichenhofer
Summary: Additive manufacturing of high-performance polymers combined with industrial-grade carbon fibers can significantly reduce the weight of parts compared to traditional metal construction. However, the 3D-printed composites often have high porosity, which requires proper consolidation after printing. This study presents advanced numerical methods to simulate the consolidation process of additive manufactured continuous carbon fiber reinforced composite parts and validates the simulation results with experimental data.
Correction
Engineering, Mechanical
M. Y. Khalid, A. Al Rashid, M. F. Sheikh
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Yasir Khalid, Zia Ullah Arif, Ans Al Rashid
Summary: Green composites have excellent biodegradability and recyclability, but face challenges such as inferior mechanical properties and hydrophilic nature of reinforcement. This study utilized hand layup technique to produce green composites with different ratios of synthetic fiber and natural fiber, comparing experimental and numerical results to validate the findings. The lower tensile strength in composites with higher jute percentage was attributed to more pull out of jute fabric, as revealed through microscopic analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING-GREEN TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Syed Sulman A. Ahmad, Ans Z. Al Rashid, Syed Ali Raza, Asad A. Zaidi, Sohaib Z. Khan, Muammer Koc
Summary: Wind energy potential in the coastline of Pakistan is analyzed and demonstrated through the evaluation of a 50 MW wind farm in four unique zones. The study utilizes four years of seasonal data, predictive models, and neural networks to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of wind energy. The findings highlight Karachi as the most suitable location for wind farm development, offering high wind speeds, consistent wind directions, and favorable economic returns and environmental impact.
AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ans Al Rashid, Sikandar Abdul Qadir, Muammer Koc
Summary: FFF technology is widely used in 3D printing due to its cost-effectiveness and material readiness. Precise measurements and optimization of process parameters are necessary to ensure desired geometries with reasonable accuracy.
JOURNAL OF ELASTOMERS AND PLASTICS
(2022)
Review
Optics
Zia Ullah Arif, Muhammad Yasir Khalid, Ans Al Rashid, Ehtsham Ur Rehman, Muhammad Atif
Summary: Since 2004, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have gained attention and been applied in various engineering fields due to their exceptional properties. Laser deposition techniques, such as laser cladding (LC), have shown potential for surface modification through HEAs, offering superior properties over traditional alloys. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art LC-HEA-based coatings, discussing mechanical properties, microstructural evolution, and potential future developments in the field.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Composites
Hamid Ikram, Ans Al Rashid, Muammer Koc
Summary: The latest developments in smart systems rely on interdisciplinary scientific studies and innovative materials, particularly those created through additive manufacturing techniques. These materials, which can respond to external stimuli and adjust over time, are especially suitable for 4D printing. This study reviews the additive manufacturing of functional polymer nanocomposites that offer flexible manufacturing processes, high strength, low cost, and long-term stability.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ramsha Imran, Ans Al Rashid, Muammer Koc
Summary: Bone tissue engineering is a promising field for bone defect treatment. This study focuses on the simulation of 3D-printed polymeric porous scaffolds using different materials and unit cell designs. The results provide insights into manufacturing constraints and scaffold quality, laying the foundation for future experimental validation and biomechanical performance studies.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ans Al Rashid, Muammer Koc
Summary: A thermomechanical numerical model was used to predict the performance of the additive manufacturing (AM) process. The numerical model accurately predicted the deflections and distortions during the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. However, it overestimated shrinkage and underestimated warpage due to neglecting the stress-relaxation effect and assuming perfect build plate adhesion.
RESULTS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fawad Ali, Ans Al Rashid, Sumama Nuthana Kalva, Muammer Koc
Summary: Magnesium/polylactic acid composites show promise for bone tissue engineering applications. The addition of magnesium significantly impacts the thermal and structural properties of polylactic acid and increases its degradation. The composite material can be used for direct ink writing in 3D printing, but more research is needed to improve the rheological properties of the ink.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shoukat Alim Khan, Ans Al Rashid, Muammer Koc
Summary: Climate change has already had an impact on various aspects of global life. Prioritizing resources and capacity, small and vulnerable coastal area (SVCA) countries should focus on developing and implementing immediate, tailored, adaptive response policies and actions. Long-term mitigation efforts are not sufficient for reducing vulnerability in the short-term.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zain Ali, Muhammad Fahad Sheikh, Ans Al Rashid, Zia Ullah Arif, Muhammad Yasir Khalid, Rehan Umer, Muammer Koc
Summary: Due to the increasing demand for higher production rates and shortage of skilled labor, robotic arms have gained importance for efficient material handling and sorting. However, their adaptability in small manufacturing industries in Pakistan is hindered by higher costs and concerns about structural durability. This paper presents the development of a low-cost robotic arm with a designed payload limit of 1 kg, suitable for small industries. The arm is made of aluminum for its strength-to-weight ratio and is analyzed using FEA to ensure structural integrity. It offers precise manipulation of light loads and is well-suited for applications in tight spaces.
RESULTS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Imran Khan, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Abas, Muhammad Shakeel, Fatima Hira, Ans Al Rashid, Muammer Koc
Summary: This study successfully fabricated tensile samples of tri-material based 3D-printed polymer composite using fused filament fabrication (FFF) and investigated the effect of FFF processing parameters on the tensile properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy were used to observe the defects under different processing conditions, which had an impact on the tensile properties.
COMPOSITES PART C: OPEN ACCESS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ans Al Rashid, Muammer Koc
Summary: The usage of polymer-based products has increased rapidly, leading to significant impacts on ecology, society, environment, health, and economy. Sustainable production, consumption, and end-of-life solutions for plastics are being sought globally. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing processes offer rapid fabrication of functional parts with reduced time and cost. Integrating the circular economy concept with additive manufacturing can provide a synergic impact and a new life for discarded polymeric parts through distributed recycling and manufacturing.
MATERIALS TODAY SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Hamid Ikram, Ans Al Rashid, Muammer Koc
Summary: This study presents preliminary findings on the performance of stimuli-responsive PLA/alpha-Fe2O3 nanocomposites with varying concentrations of hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. The results show that the nanocomposites exhibit desired deformation rates in response to changing magnetic fields, suggesting their potential in biomedical applications.
COMPOSITES PART C: OPEN ACCESS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ans Al Rashid, Hamid Ikram, Muammer Koc
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the effect of infill patterns and infill densities on the mechanical performance of additively manufactured carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide-6 (PA6) composites. The results showed that infill patterns and infill densities significantly influenced the mechanical behavior of 3D-printed composites, with rectangular infill patterns providing better mechanical strength at higher infill densities and triangular and hexagonal infill patterns performing better at lower infill densities.
MATERIALS TODAY-PROCEEDINGS
(2022)
