Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Reeves, Fiona Holland, Hazel Morbey, Mark Hann, Faraz Ahmed, Linda Davies, John V. Keady, Iracema V. Leroi, Siobhan V. Reilly
Summary: Efforts have been made in England to improve hospital care for people with dementia, but the outcomes for these patients, including length of stay, readmission rates, and mortality rates, remain relatively high. The study found that people with dementia were twice as likely to die within 30 days of discharge compared to those without dementia.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Gerard A. Silvestri, Lenka Goldman, Nichole T. Tanner, Judy Burleson, Michael Gould, Ella A. Kazerooni, Peter J. Mazzone, M. Patricia Rivera, V. Paul Doria-Rose, Lauren S. Rosenthal, Michael Simanowith, Robert A. Smith, Stacey Fedewa
Summary: This study examines the outcomes of lung cancer screening with low-dose CT imaging and finds that adherence to screening is poor and the detection rate of early-stage lung cancer is lower than expected. However, CT imaging results are accurately associated with lung cancer detection. These findings will impact the outcomes of patients undergoing lung cancer screening.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
William Shrauner, Emily M. Lord, Xuan-Mai T. Nguyen, Rebecca J. Song, Ashley Galloway, David R. Gagnon, Jane A. Driver, J. Michael Gaziano, Peter W. F. Wilson, Luc Djousse, Kelly Cho, Ariela R. Orkaby
Summary: Frailty is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality and events, independent of underlying CV disease. This study is the largest and most contemporary evaluation of the relationship between frailty and CV mortality to date.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weeberb J. Requia, Heresh Amini, Rajarshi Mukherjee, Diane R. Gold, Joel D. Schwartz
Summary: The study quantified the impact of wildfire-related PM2.5 on hospital admissions due to cardiorespiratory diseases in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. It found that wildfire waves are significantly associated with increased respiratory and circulatory hospital admissions in Brazil, with the North region experiencing the highest increases. This epidemiological evidence highlights the health risks posed by air pollution from wildfires in Brazil.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thiago N. Gardin, Weeberb J. Requia
Summary: Studies have found a link between living and studying in areas with poor air quality and cognitive deficits, but there are limitations in terms of study design and location. This study in Brazil examined the association between air pollution and academic performance at the individual student level. The findings showed that air pollution exposure was associated with a decrease in students' marks, ranging from 0.13% to 5.39%. This is the first study in Brazil to estimate the impact of air pollution on academic performance, and it is important for policymakers in improving air quality around schools.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Lorena Suarez-Idueta, Eric O. Ohuma, Chia-Jung Chang, Elizabeth A. Hazel, Judith Yargawa, Yemisrach B. Okwaraji, Ellen Bradley, Adrienne Gordon, Jessica Sexton, Harriet L. S. Lawford, Enny S. Paixao, Ila R. Falcao, Sarka Lisonkova, Qi Wen, Petr Velebil, Jitka Jirova, Erzsebet Horvath-Puho, Henrik T. Sorensen, Luule Sakkeus, Lili Abuladze, Khalid A. Yunis, Ayah Al Bizri, Sonia Lopez Alvarez, Lisa Broeders, Aimee E. van Dijk, Fawziya Alyafei, Mai Alqubaisi, Neda Razaz, Jonas Soederling, Lucy K. Smith, Ruth J. Matthews, Estelle Lowry, Neil Rowland, Rachael Wood, Kirsten Monteath, Isabel Pereyra, Gabriella Pravia, Joy E. Lawn, Hannah Blencowe
Summary: In this study, the prevalence and neonatal mortality of large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia were compared among live births in 15 countries. The results showed that LGA babies had a lower risk of neonatal mortality compared to babies that were appropriate for gestational age (AGA), while macrosomia babies weighing over 4500 grams had a higher risk of mortality.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Seong-Uk Baek, Woo-Ri Lee, Ki-Bong Yoo, Jun-Hyeok Choi, Kyung-Eun Lee, Wanhyung Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Summary: This study estimated the risk of laryngeal and lung cancers according to industrial classification and found that certain industries are associated with an increased risk of respiratory tract cancers. Appropriate policy interventions are needed to prevent occupational cancers.
Article
Medical Informatics
Johan H. Thygesen, Christopher Tomlinson, Sam Hollings, Mehrdad A. Mizani, Alex Handy, Ashley Akbari, Amitava Banerjee, Jennifer Cooper, Alvina G. Lai, Kezhi Li, Bilal A. Mateen, Naveed Sattar, Reecha Sofat, Ana Torralbo, Honghan Wu, Angela Wood, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Christina Pagel, William N. Whiteley, Cathie Sudlow, Harry Hemingway, Spiros Denaxas
Summary: This study used nationwide linked electronic health records to define and validate ten COVID-19 phenotypes, providing insights into the different stages and transitions of the disease. The results showed infection rates, hospitalization rates, intensive care unit usage, and mortality rates of COVID-19. Longer patient trajectories were observed in the second wave compared to the first wave.
LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Oliver Todd, Oliver Johnson, Chris Wilkinson, Joe Hollinghurst, Tatendashe B. Dondo, Mohammad E. Yadegarfar, James P. Sheppard, Richard J. McManus, Chris P. Gale, Andrew Clegg
Summary: This study investigates the adherence to guideline recommendations for the management of hypertension in older people and explores the relationship between guideline adherence and overall health status. The results show that only around half of older people achieve the blood pressure targets set by the NICE within 1 year of hypertension diagnosis. The presence of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and myocardial infarction is associated with a higher likelihood of achieving the target blood pressure, while factors such as care home residence, frailty, and comorbidity do not affect target attainment.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Heiner Claessen, Maria Narres, Tatjana Kvitkina, Adrian Wilk, Heiko Friedel, Christian Guenster, Falk Hoffmann, Michael Koch, Karin Jandeleit-Dahm, Andrea Icks
Summary: This study in Germany found a significantly higher incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among people with diabetes, with a consistent decline in incidence rates observed in this group, independent of age and sex. In contrast, there were inconsistent time trends in incidence rates among people without diabetes.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Chan Joo Lee, Ji-Yeon Lee, Kyungdo Han, Da Hye Kim, Hanna Cho, Kwang Joon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Yong-ho Lee, Sungha Park
Summary: There are inconsistent results on the impacts of controlling blood pressure (BP) on the risk of dementia. This study found a U-shaped association between BP levels and the risk of overall dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease. The risk of probable vascular dementia increased gradually with higher BP levels. Antihypertensive use and comorbidities did not change the U-shaped association for overall dementia and probable Alzheimer's disease, but affected the association for probable vascular dementia.
Article
Psychiatry
Fabienne El-Khoury, Andreas Rieckmann, Jessica Bengtsson, Maria Melchior, Naja Hulvej Rod
Summary: The study found that individuals exposed to childhood adversities were more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD, with women being disproportionately affected in high adversity groups.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Frances Darlington-Pollock, Mark A. Green, Ludi Simpson
Summary: This study investigates the change in patterns of mortality at the local authority level in England and its relation to fiscal austerity measures. The results show a positive association between austerity measures and excess deaths, with a more pronounced impact on older adults and a gradient effect on working-age adults.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. Ichimura, T. Kakizuka, K. Horikawa, K. Seiriki, A. Kasai, H. Hashimoto, K. Fujita, T. M. Watanabe, T. Nagai
Summary: In biological systems, minority cells can have drastic effects on the entire multicellular system. Understanding the mechanisms behind these phenomena requires observing the spatiotemporal dynamics of a large population of cells at sub-cellular resolution, which is made possible with the imaging system AMATERAS. This system allows for high-resolution imaging and high cell-throughput, enabling the detection of rare cells and observation of multicellular events induced by them.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sheng-Chia Chung, Rui Providencia, Reecha Sofat, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Ana Torralbo, Ghazaleh Fatemifar, Natalie K. Fitzpatrick, Julie Taylor, Ken Li, Caroline Dale, Martin Rossor, Dionisio Acosta-Mena, John Whittaker, Spiros Denaxas
Summary: This study analyzed longitudinal cohort data of 4.3 million individuals in the UK to examine dementia incidence and mortality. The results showed that dementia incidence was higher in individuals living in high deprivation areas. Prior to dementia diagnosis, patients experienced repeated hospitalizations and multiple primary care visits. The findings highlight the importance of addressing the disparities in dementia for prevention and patient care.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kamlesh Khunti, Eva L. Feldman, Neda Laiteerapong, William Parker, Ash Routen, Monica Peek
Summary: Major ethnic disparities in diabetes care and outcomes existed before the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and the combination of ethnic disparities in diabetes care and COVID-19 outcomes may contribute to inequities in COVID-19 outcomes for people with diabetes. Ethnic minority populations have disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality. Limited studies suggest that minority populations with diabetes have higher rates of hospitalization and mortality compared to White populations. The reasons for these disparities are complex and involve comorbid conditions, exposure risk, and access to treatment that vary by ethnicity.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Aaron Shengting Mai, Andrija Matetic, Islam Y. Elgendy, Juan Lopez-Mattei, Rafail A. Kotronias, Louise Y. Sun, Jung Hahn Yong, Rodrigo Bagur, Harriette G. C. Van Spall, Mamas A. Mamas
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical care provided to cancer patients hospitalized for acute pulmonary embolism and assessed the association between type of cancer, in-hospital care, and clinical outcomes. The results showed that cancer patients were less likely to receive invasive management compared to non-cancer patients. Cancer patients had higher odds of mortality, with lung cancer patients having the highest mortality and hemorrhagic stroke risk, while colorectal cancer patients had the highest bleeding risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mei-zhen Wu, Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng, Wan-Ting Tay, Qing-wen Ren, Jasper Tromp, Wouter Ouwerkerk, Chanchal Chandramouli, Jia-Yi Huang, Yap-Hang Chan, Kanako Teramoto, Si-Yeung Yu, Claire Lawson, Hang-Long Li, Yi-Kei Tse, Xin-li Li, Denise Hung, Hung-Fat Tse, Carolyn S. P. Lam, Kai-Hang Yiu
Summary: Cardiorenal complications are common in patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes and are associated with a higher risk of mortality. Close surveillance of these complications is crucial to reduce the burden of disease.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Suping Ling, Francesco Zaccardi, Eyad Issa, Melanie J. Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Karen Brown
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine long-term trends in cancer mortality rates among individuals with type 2 diabetes, based on various demographic and risk factor subgroups. The results showed that while overall mortality rates decreased, cancer mortality rates increased in older individuals with type 2 diabetes, especially for colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and endometrial cancer. This highlights the need for tailored cancer prevention and early detection strategies to address disparities in the older population, individuals of lower socioeconomic status, and smokers.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Stuart Mires, Snigdha Reddy, Clare Skerritt, Massimo Caputo, Kelly-Ann Eastwood
Summary: The understanding and screening methods for congenital heart disease (CHD) are limited. Maternal metabolomic assessment shows potential in identifying risk factors and biomarkers. A systematic review investigated the association between fetal/childhood CHD and maternal metabolites, and although some pathways were identified, there is currently not enough evidence to confidently associate maternal metabolomic profiles with offspring CHD risk.
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Avraham Karasik, Stefanie Lanzinger, Elise Chia -Hui Tan, Daisuke Yabe, Dae Jung Kim, Wayne H. -H Sheu, Cheli Melzer-Cohen, Reinhard W. Holl, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Kamlesh Khunti, Francesco Zaccardi, Anuradhaa Subramanian, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Thomas Nystrom, Leo Niskanen, Majken Linnemann Jensen, Fabian Hoti, Riho Klements, Anouk Deruaz-Luyet, Moe H. Kyaw, Lisette Koeneman, Dorte Vistisen, Bendix Carstensen, Sigrun Halvorsen, Gisle Langslet, Soulmaz Fazeli Farsani, Elisabetta Patorno, Julio Nunez
Summary: This non-interventional cohort study evaluated the cardiovascular and kidney efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. The results showed that empagliflozin was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and end-stage renal disease, but a higher risk of diabetic ketoacidosis compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. The study provides further evidence of the beneficial cardiorenal effects and overall safety of empagliflozin.
DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily Lowthian, Hoda Abbasizanjani, Stuart Bedston, Ashley Akbari, Laura Cowley, Richard Fry, Rhiannon K. Owen, Joe Hollinghurst, Igor Rudan, Jillian Beggs, Emily Marchant, Fatemeh Torabi, Simon de Lusignan, Tom Crick, Graham Moore, Aziz Sheikh, Ronan A. Lyons
Summary: This study investigated SARS-CoV-2 infection trends, risk of infection, and COVID-19 vaccination uptake among school staff, students, and their household members in Wales. The results showed that students had higher infection rates compared to household members, and vaccination was associated with a lower risk of infection. More research is needed on the vaccine protection for younger populations, and schools need additional support in managing highly transmissible variants.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Caroline Harris, Simon Cottrell, Malorie Perry, Rhian Meaden, Rhianydd Davey, Megan Elliott, Rebecca Cushen, Gareth Jones, Hawys Youlden, Nicola Meredith, Rosemary Jones, Sara Thomas, Ashley Akbari, Ronan A. Lyons, Christopher Johnson
Summary: The schools-based influenza vaccination programme in Wales has had high uptake, but the coverage for pre-school two and three-year olds is lower. One health board implemented an intervention to offer live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) for three-year olds attending nursery schools. The pilot resulted in increased vaccine uptake and decreased inequality gap in three-year olds.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kelvin P. Jordan, Trishna Rathod-Mistry, Danielle A. van der Windt, James Bailey, Ying Chen, Lorna Clarson, Spiros Denaxas, Richard A. Hayward, Harry Hemingway, Theocharis Kyriacou, Mamas A. Mamas
Summary: This study aimed to determine if patients at highest risk of cardiovascular disease can be identified using information in their health records and if their risk can be accurately estimated using only a small number of factors. The results showed that diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension were the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with unattributed chest pain. It was found that existing risk prediction models or the development of new models can accurately estimate individual cardiovascular disease risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ashkan Dashtban, Mehrdad A. Mizani, Laura Pasea, Spiros Denaxas, Richard Corbett, Jil B. Mamza, He Gao, Tamsin Morris, Harry Hemingway, Amitava Banerjee
Summary: In this study, machine learning was used to classify chronic kidney disease (CKD) into five subtypes: early-onset, late-onset, cancer, metabolic, and cardiometabolic. These subtypes are relevant for predicting outcomes and informing interventions.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Marina Wainstein, Nicholas Spyrison, Danyang Dai, Moji Ghadimi, Jonathan S. Chavez-Iniguez, Lilia Rizo-Topete, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Laura Merson, Jason D. Pole, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, David W. Johnson, S. Shrapnel
Summary: There is a lack of research on the relationship between COVID-19 and acute kidney injury (AKI) in low- and low-middle income countries. This study found that AKI incidence was highest in LLMIC, with lower rates of dialysis and poorer patient outcomes.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Enkhtsogt Sainbayar, Ramzi Ibrahim, Hoang Nhat Pham, Wisam Beauti, Mahek Shahid, Natalie Hickerson, Mohammed Salih, Joao Paulo Ferreira, Mamas A. Mamas
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kate Birnie, Charles Tomson, Fergus J. Caskey, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Dorothea Nitsch, Anna Casula, Eleanor J. Murray, Jonathan A. C. Sterne
Summary: The availability of electronic health records data has provided opportunities to examine the comparative effectiveness of dynamic treatment strategies. However, when dealing with continuous treatments, model checking and monitoring of large weights are essential to accurately estimate treatment effects.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Harrison Wilde, Christopher Tomlinson, Bilal A. Mateen, David Selby, Hari Krishnan Kanthimathinathan, Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Pascale Du Pre, Mae Johnson, Nazima Pathan, Arturo Gonzalez-Izquierdo, Alvina G. Lai, Deepti Gurdasani, Christina Pagel, Spiros Denaxas, Sebastian Vollmer, Katherine Brown
Summary: This cohort study examined hospital admissions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in England. The results showed that most admissions were due to SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-2 was a contributory factor. Boys, younger children, and those from ethnic minority groups or areas of high deprivation were more likely to be admitted to hospital. These findings have implications for public health initiatives and further research.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Serban Stoica, Helena J. M. Smartt, Rachael Heys, Karen Sheehan, Terrie Walker-Smith, Andrew Parry, Richard Beringer, Iakovos Ttofi, Rebecca Evans, Lucy Dabner, Mohamed T. Ghorbel, William Lansdowne, Barnaby C. Reeves, Gianni D. Angelini, Chris A. Rogers, Massimo Caputo
Summary: A comparison of warm and cold blood cardioplegia in pediatric heart surgery showed no significant difference in myocardial protection, but patients who received warm cardioplegia had longer stay in the intensive care unit and a trend towards longer overall hospital stays.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY
(2023)