Article
Infectious Diseases
Alexandra Sjaarda, Andrew Bernstein, Andrew Sparks, Saghar Saber, Marc Siegel
Summary: This study found that weight gain is associated with switching HIV regimens from non INSTI- to INSTI-based ART as well as from TDF- to TAF-based ART, with no significant difference between the two types of switches. The group that switched from both TDF- to TAF-based and non INSTI- to INSTI-based ART showed the highest mean weight gain, but this was not statistically different compared to the other switch groups.
Article
Immunology
Angelica Perna, Maria A. Carleo, Silvia Mascolo, Alessandra Guida, Marcella Contieri, Carmine Sellitto, Eleonora Hay, Paolo De Blasiis, Angela Lucariello, Germano Guerra, Alfonso Baldi, Antonio De Luca, Paolo Maggi, Vincenzo Esposito
Summary: In-vitro experiments demonstrated that integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) can promote adipocyte differentiation and induce fibroblastic features in a cell line. Furthermore, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) inhibit adipocyte differentiation, especially when used in combination with INSTIs. These findings suggest a potential role of INSTIs and NRTIs in adipogenesis and fibroblast differentiation.
Article
Immunology
Myrthe L. Verburgh, Ferdinand W. N. M. Wit, Anders Boyd, Peter Reiss, Marc van der Valk, ATHENA national observational cohort
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine the reversibility of at least 7% weight gain following discontinuation of TAF and/or INSTI in people with HIV. The study analyzed data from the Dutch ATHENA cohort and found that discontinuation of TAF and/or INSTI led to a weight decrease of 1.89 kg to 2.55 kg, indicating reversibility of weight gain. The importance rating of this study is 8 out of 10.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jason J. Schafer, Matty Zimmerman, Ciara Walshe, Jesse Cerankowski, Ayako Shimada, Scott W. Keith
Summary: Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in antiretroviral therapy may lead to metabolic changes and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in cholesterol levels.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul E. Sax, Jose R. Arribas, Chloe Orkin, Adriano Lazzarin, Anton Pozniak, Edwin DeJesus, Franco Maggiolo, Hans-Joergen Stellbrink, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Rima Acosta, Hailin Huang, Jason T. Hindman, Hal Martin, Jared M. Baeten, David Wohl
Summary: This study evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of B/F/TAF in HIV-1 treatment. The results showed that B/F/TAF maintained high rates of virologic suppression over 5 years, with no treatment-emergent resistance and rare drug discontinuations due to adverse events.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kwan Soo Byun, Jonggi Choi, Ji-Hoon Kim, Yung Sang Lee, Han Chu Lee, Yoon Jun Kim, Byung Chul Yoo, So Young Kwon, Geum-Youn Gwak, Young-Suk Lim
Summary: The study findings suggest that TAF may have better bone and renal safety profiles compared to TDF in patients with multidrug-resistant HBV, without compromising efficacy. However, concerns may arise due to increases in body weight and cholesterol levels with TAF treatment.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jihye Lim, Won-Mook Choi, Ju Hyun Shim, Danbi Lee, Kang Mo Kim, Young-Suk Lim, Han Chu Lee, Jonggi Choi
Summary: Real-world data suggests that TAF and TDF have comparable efficacies in treating CHB, with similar virological responses and ALT normalization, and no higher risk of HCC.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hye Yeon Chon, Sang Hoon Ahn, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Dong Hyun Sinn, Seung Up Kim
Summary: The study compared the effects of three antiviral agents on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and orthotopic liver transplantation or mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B. It was found that the outcomes of entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide were statistically similar in treatment-naive patients with CHB.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Lilian Yan Liang, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Jimmy Che-To Lai, Amy Shuk-Man Lam, Yee-Kit Tse, Vicki Wing-Ki Hui, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Grace Lai-Hung Wong
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of switching to TAF on ALT normalization and renal safety in CHB patients and described the indications for switching to TAF. The results showed that switching to TAF significantly reduced ALT levels and increased ALT normalization rate. TAF was found to be associated with improved ALT levels and better renal safety compared to TDF dominant therapy in CHB patients. The majority of CHB patients switched to TAF due to advanced age, followed by bone disease and renal alteration.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Javier Martinez-Sanz, Sergio Serrano-Villar, Alfonso Muriel, Lucio J. Garcia Fraile, Eva Orviz, Alvaro Mena de Cea, Antoni A. Campins, Santiago Moreno
Summary: This study investigated the metabolic effects of switching from TDF to TAF. The results showed an increase in weight, total cholesterol, and triglycerides after switching to TAF, with no observed increase in obesity or metabolic-related diseases.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pierre-Emmanuel Plum, Nathalie Maes, Anne-Sophie Sauvage, Frederic Frippiat, Christelle Meuris, Francoise Uurlings, Marianne Lecomte, Philippe Leonard, Nicolas Paquot, Karine Fombellida, Dolores Vaira, Michel Moutschen, Gilles Darcis
Summary: The study evaluated lipid profile, weight gain, and calculated cardiovascular risk change in patients switching from TDF-based regimens to TAF-based regimens. Results showed a significant increase in triglycerides levels, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol after switching to TAF, along with an increase in calculated cardiovascular risk.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
F. Will Pohlman, Kara S. McGee, Mehri S. McKellar
Summary: This study reports a case of substantial weight gain in a virologically suppressed HIV patient after switching antiretroviral therapy, which was reversed upon switching back to the original regimen. It discusses the effects of antiretrovirals on weight gain and loss, including patient-specific factors and HIV-related factors.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Liqin Sun, Yun He, Liumei Xu, Fang Zhao, Yang Zhou, Lukun Zhang, Qiaoli Peng, Haitao Zhang, Qiuyue Zhang, Tingzhi Cao, Ying Song, Siyuan Wang, Man Rao, Xinyun Jia, Xiaoning Liu, Jing Zhou, Bin Ju, Hui Wang, Jiaye Liu
Summary: Comparing the evolution of blood lipids between HIV patients receiving different antiretroviral treatments, it was found that patients treated with E/C/F/TAF had higher risks of dyslipidemia.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kai Juhani Kauppinen, Inka Aho, Jussi Sutinen
Summary: Switching from TAF to TDF improves plasma lipid profile and ASCVD risk scores, as well as prevents weight gain.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hidenori Toyoda, Jennifer Leong, Charles Landis, Masanori Atsukawa, Tsunamasa Watanabe, Daniel Q. Huang, Joanne Liu, Sabrina Xin Zi Quek, Toru Ishikawa, Taeang Arai, Keisuke Yokohama, Makoto Chuma, Koichi Takaguchi, Haruki Uojima, Tomonori Senoo, Hansen Dang, Mayumi Maeda, Joseph Hoang, Richard H. Le, Satoshi Yasuda, Khin N. Thin, Sally Tran, Nicholas Chien, Linda Henry, Akira Asai, Shinya Fukunishi, Ramsey Cheung, Seng Gee Lim, Huy N. Trinh, Mindie H. Nguyen
Summary: Following the switch to TAF, patients with chronic hepatitis B showed continued improvement in virologic response and ALT normalization, with no significant changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients with chronic kidney disease at baseline also showed improvement in kidney function after switching to TAF.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Emer P. Doheny, Matthew Flood, Silke Ryan, Cormac McCarthy, Orla 'Carroll, Conall 'Seaghdha, Patrick W. Mallon, Eoin R. Feeney, Vera M. Keatings, Moya Wilson, Niall Kennedy, Avril Gannon, Colin Edwards, Madeleine M. Lowery
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a remote monitoring system was used to monitor physiological measures of patients after hospital discharge, such as pulse oxygen saturation, heart rate, and breathlessness. These data can help understand how symptoms change over time in COVID-19 patients, and predict clinical deterioration for early intervention.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Luxsena Sukumaran, Ken M. Kunisaki, Nicholas Bakewell, Alan Winston, Patrick W. G. Mallon, Nicki Doyle, Jane Anderson, Marta Boffito, Lewis Haddow, Frank A. Post, Jaime H. Vera, Memory Sachikonye, Caroline A. Sabin
Summary: HIV patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, which may be attributed to inflammation and immune activation. Three distinct inflammatory profiles were identified, and their associations with cardiovascular disease risk were assessed. The results showed that HIV patients with gut/immune activation and neurovascular inflammation profiles had higher cardiovascular disease risk compared to those with relatively low inflammation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Neil E. Wrigley Kelly, Conor De Barra, Ferrah Shaamile, Aisling Holland, Liam Shaw, Patrick W. G. Mallon, Jean O'Connell, Andrew E. Hogan, Donal O'Shea
Summary: People with obesity who have completed a primary course of ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccination have robust, durable, and functional antigen-specific T cell immunity that is comparable to that seen in people without obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Rachel MacCann, Alan L. L. Landay, Patrick W. G. Mallon
Summary: The article reviews alterations in microbiota composition, diversity, and functional features in relation to chronic inflammation and comorbidities associated with HIV infection. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host immunity, and disruption of gut homeostasis can lead to systemic inflammation and immune activation. Ageing and HIV share similar features of intestinal damage and changes in bacterial composition, contributing to a proinflammatory state and age-related comorbidities. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-producing kynurenine pathway (KP) is explored as a potential inflammatory pathway involved in metabolic changes and age-related diseases in PWH.
CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Patrick Mallon
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Areti Angeliki Veroniki, Andrea C. Tricco, Jennifer Watt, Sofia Tsokani, Paul A. Khan, Charlene Soobiah, Ahmed Negm, Amanda Doherty-Kirby, Paul Taylor, Carole Lunny, Jessie McGowan, Julian Little, Patrick Mallon, David Moher, Sabrina Wong, Jacqueline Dinnes, Yemisi Takwoingi, Lynora Saxinger, Adrienne Chan, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Bryn Lander, Adrienne Meyers, Guillaume Poliquin, Sharon E. Straus
Summary: This study aimed to determine the most sensitive and specific rapid test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 through a rapid review and diagnostic test accuracy network meta-analysis. The results showed that rapid molecular tests had high sensitivity and specificity, while rapid antigen tests were mainly associated with high specificity.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Karam Mounzer, Laurence Brunet, Jennifer S. S. Fusco, Ian R. R. McNicholl, Megan Dunbar, Michael Sension, Lewis H. H. McCurdy, Gregory P. P. Fusco
Summary: This study compared the immunological responses to commonly used antiretroviral therapy regimens among people with advanced HIV in the USA, and assessed virological outcomes and regimen persistence. The results showed that initiating ART with the B/F/TAF regimen was associated with faster CD4 cell count recovery and favorable virological outcomes compared with other regimens.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Patrick W. G. Mallon
CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Rachel MacCann, Alejandro Abner Garcia Leon, Gabriel Gonzalez, Michael J. Carr, Eoin R. Feeney, Obada Yousif, Aoife G. Cotter, Eoghan de Barra, Corinna Sadlier, Peter Doran, Patrick W. Mallon
Summary: This study suggests that early host immune responses, including defects in mast cell activation and interferon responses, are associated with more severe outcomes in COVID-19. Understanding this pathway could lead to better treatments for vulnerable individuals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Grace Kenny, Liam Townsend, Stefano Savinelli, Patrick W. G. Mallon
Summary: The emergence of persistent ill-health in the aftermath of SARS-CoV-2 infection has presented significant challenges. The symptoms of long COVID are highly variable and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Current potential therapies are being investigated, but no proven effective treatment exists.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christos Argyropoulos, Janina Leckler, Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Marinos Constantinou, Alexandra Alexandrou, Sophia Themistocleous, Evgenia Noula, George Shiamakkides, Andria Nearchou, Fiona A. Stewart, Kerstin Albus, Markela Koniordou, Ioannis Kopsidas, Orly Spivak, Margot Hellemans, Greet Hendrickx, Ruth Joanna Davis, Anna Maria Azzini, Paula Valle Simon, Antonio Javier Carcas-Sansuan, Helena Hervius Askling, Sirkka Vene, Jana Baranda Prellezo, Elena alvarez-Barco, Alan J. Macken, Romina Di Marzo, Catarina Luis, Ole F. Olesen, Jesus A. Frias Iniesta, Imre Barta, Krisztina Toth, Murat Akova, Marc M. J. Bonten, Miriam Cohen-Kandli, Rebecca Jane Cox, Lenka Souckova, Petr Husa, Ligita Jancoriene, Odile Launay, Jens Lundgren, Patrick Mallon, Charis Armeftis, Laura Marques, Pontus Naucler, Jordi Ochando, Evelina Tacconelli, Pierre van Damme, Theoklis Zaoutis, Sanne Hofstraat, Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen, Markus Zeitlinger, Oliver A. Cornely, Zoi Dorothea Pana
Summary: This study aims to develop a toolkit that provides trustworthy information and promotes positive attitudes towards vaccine trials, with a focus on inclusiveness and equity. The produced materials, including brochures, videos, and puzzles, inform the public about the benefits and risks of trial participation and aim to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abdubadie Kutubi, Luke O'Brien, Ben Murphy, Patricia Fitzpatrick, Conor Hurson, Deepa Rajendran, Eoin Feeney, Patrick Mallon, Sarmad Waqas
Summary: This study assessed the clinical outcomes, readmission rates, and financial impact of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) treated with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). The results showed that OPAT was a safe and effective treatment option for PJI, reducing readmission rates and saving healthcare costs.
Article
Hematology
Ellie Karampini, Helen Fogarty, Stephanie Elliott, Hannah Morrin, Colm Bergin, Jamie M. O'Sullivan, Mary Byrne, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Patrick W. Mallon, Gerard F. Curley, Siobhan Glavey, Ross I. Baker, M. Lavin, Roger J. S. Preston, Cliona Ni Cheallaigh, Soracha E. Ward, James S. O'Donnell
Summary: This study found that acute COVID-19 infection leads to complex endothelial cell activation and an increase in proangiogenic factors. COVID-19 plasma incubation enhanced VWF secretion, increased Angpt-2 expression, and promoted angiogenesis in endothelial cells.
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jessica Doctor, Alan Winston, Jaime H. Vera, Frank A. Post, Marta Boffito, Patrick W. G. Mallon, Jane Anderson, Christina Prechtl, Ian Williams, Margaret Johnson, Emmanouil Bagkeris, Memory Sachikonye, Caroline A. Sabin, POPPY Study
Summary: This study investigates the association between the use of anticholinergic medications (ACMs) and recurrent falls and frailty in people with HIV. The results show that ACM users have a higher incidence of recurrent falls and frailty compared to non-users. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of this and aim to reduce the use of ACMs.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Michael G. Sension, Laurence Brunet, Ricky K. Hsu, Jennifer S. Fusco, Quateka Cochran, Christine Uranaka, Gayathri Sridhar, Vani Vannappagari, Jean Van Wyk, Lewis Mccurdy, Michael B. Wohlfeiler, Gregory P. Fusco
Summary: In routine clinical care, the CAB + RPV LA regimen showed high adherence to injection schedule and achieved high levels of virologic control.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)