Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amrutha Menon, Noraini Abd-Aziz, Kanwal Khalid, Chit Laa Poh, Rakesh Naidu
Summary: This review focuses on the role of miRNA in cancer, therapeutic approaches with miRNAs, and effective delivery into the system. Patents and ongoing clinical trials for miRNA therapy are also summarized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mamona Mushtaq, Sehrish Naz, Keykavous Parang, Zaheer Ul-Haq
Summary: Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus, infects approximately 400 million individuals annually, with factors contributing to its geographic expansion including urbanization, population density, and climate change. Despite progress, there is currently no effective antiviral therapy available, with research focusing on the NS2B-NS3 protease complex for potential treatments.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Upasana Ray, Christopher L. Pathoulas, Prabhu Thirusangu, James W. Purcell, Nagarajan Kannan, Viji Shridhar
Summary: Abundant fibrotic stroma is a common feature in solid tumors, and targeting the tumor stroma, including the overexpressed LRRC15 protein, has become a promising therapeutic strategy. Effective LRRC15-targeted therapy may improve outcomes for patients with LRRC15-positive tumors, offering personalized clinical benefits and predictive biomarkers for preclinical assessment.
Review
Immunology
Xiaotian Song, Qianqian Si, Rui Qi, Weidan Liu, Miao Li, Mengyue Guo, Lin Wei, Zhiyan Yao
Summary: Tumorigenesis is a complex process involving various immunosuppressive mechanisms, with the degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine considered as a key mechanism. Among the enzymes involved in tryptophan metabolism, IDO1 stands out for its widespread distribution and high catalytic activity. Understanding the expression and biological function of IDO1 can offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies for malignant tumors targeting this enzyme.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli, Angelina Zheleva, Martin Barainka, Beatriz Moreno, Helena Villanueva, Fernando Pastor
Summary: Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology, but many patients do not respond to current approaches. The limited source of tumor neoantigens and the low tumor mutation burden are major challenges. Making tumors more antigenic represents a promising strategy to improve immunotherapy.
Review
Oncology
Jingdian Liu, Kai Zhao, Sisi Wu, Chaoxi Li, Chao You, Junwen Wang, Kai Shu, Ting Lei
Summary: As an adaptor protein, PDCD10 is involved in regulating diverse biological processes and has a dual role in cancers, either promoting or inhibiting tumor growth depending on cell/tissue specificity and different cellular interactors.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Silvia Grassilli, Valeria Bertagnolo, Federica Brugnoli
Summary: miR-29b has a controversial role in breast cancer, acting both as a tumor suppressor and as an onco-miRNA. The different isoforms of miR-29b have a dual effect on breast tumor features, depending on the prevailing function, mature miR-29b expression, and breast tumor characteristics. miR-29b-3p and miR-29b1-5p play distinct roles in breast tumors with different phenotypes.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Amr El-Sayed, Lotfi Aleya, Mohamed Kamel
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in disease development inside and outside of the digestive tract, and rebalancing the microbiome through lifestyle changes, diet modifications, or supplementation with beneficial bacteria could offer potential therapeutic approaches. Various strategies such as nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and microbiome transplantation have been explored to manipulate the microbiome for health benefits. The interaction between the microbiome and epigenetics and the importance of restoring equilibrium in the internal micro-ecosystem for future disease treatments are highlighted.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Weizhu Zhao, Haiying Yang, Jie Chai, Ligang Xing
Summary: The transcription factor RUNX2 plays a crucial role in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and also in the invasion and metastasis of cancers. Due to its complex regulatory mechanisms, the specific role of RUNX2 in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of malignant tumors is not fully understood. It has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer research.
CANCER MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Chu Xiao, Tao Fan, Yujia Zheng, He Tian, Ziqin Deng, Jingjing Liu, Chunxiang Li, Jie He
Summary: With the advancements in cancer immunity research, it has been discovered that histone modifications play a crucial role in establishing antitumor immunological ability. Combining epigenetic drugs with immune checkpoint blockades or chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies shows promise in improving immunotherapy outcomes. The specific histone modification, H3K4me3, is deeply involved in regulating tumor immunogenicity, reshaping tumor immune microenvironment, and regulating immune cell functions. However, there is still uncertainty in integrating these theoretical foundations and optimizing available therapies. This review explores the mechanisms by which H3K4me3 and its modifiers regulate antitumor immunity and discusses the potential of combining H3K4me3-related agents with immunotherapies.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Farzad Fatehi, Richard J. Bingham, Pierre-Philippe Dechant, Peter G. Stockley, Reidun Twarock
Summary: Defective interfering particles that arise during viral infection can be utilized for therapeutic purposes, inhibiting viral replication. A strategy has been proposed for designing therapeutic interfering RNAs (tiRNAs) against positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, with promising results demonstrating high treatment efficacy with only a slight increase in tiRNA replication efficiency.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Linh-Huyen Truong, Siim Pauklin
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest cancers with no effective treatment currently available. The complexity and dynamics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a crucial role in PDAC treatment resistance, emphasizing the need for a detailed understanding of the TME. Insights into the heterogeneous TME composition and interplay among its components are essential for developing more efficient therapeutic approaches for PDAC.
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Sanne Bootsma, Sanne M. van Neerven, Louis Vermeulen
Summary: Half of colorectal cancers have KRAS-activating mutations, which affect cancer cells' metabolic dependencies and lead to resistance to common drugs. A new study reveals the metabolic rewiring driven by KRAS and identifies a new therapeutic target for KRAS-mutant cancers.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Panagiotis Tsioufis, Panagiotis Theofilis, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Dimitris Tousoulis
Summary: Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic disease involving inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and lipoprotein dysregulation. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and chemokines, play a role in the development and progression of coronary artery disease. Targeting these cytokines with drugs like IL-1 beta and colchicine has shown promise in reducing cardiovascular risk. Other cytokine-targeted treatments are being explored, but more research is needed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Hai Zhao, Shuangshuang Song, Junwei Ma, Zhiyong Yan, Hongwei Xie, Ying Feng, Shusheng Che
Summary: CD47 is a protein that is ubiquitously expressed on the surface of cells and plays a critical role in self-recognition. It modulates cellular phagocytosis, determines the lifespan of erythrocytes, regulates immune cell activation, and manipulates synaptic pruning during neuronal development. Recently, CD47 has been identified as a novel target for cancer immunotherapy. This review discusses the diverse functions of CD47, its role in immune system homeostasis, and its potential therapeutic roles against cancer.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Masanori Kawakami, Lisa Maria Mustachio, Yulong Chen, Zibo Chen, Xiuxia Liu, Cheng-Hsin Wei, Jason Roszik, Adam S. Kittai, Alexey Danilov, Xiaoshan Zhang, Bingliang Fang, Jing Wang, John Heymach, Liliya Tyutyunyk-Massey, Sarah J. Freemantle, Jonathan M. Kurie, Xi Liu, Ethan Dmitrovsky
Summary: The study demonstrates that the CDK2 inhibitor CYC065 can enhance anaphase catastrophe in various cancers, inhibit metastasis and reduce tumor growth, even in the presence of KRAS oncoprotein expression, suggesting its potential as a promising anti-tumor drug.
MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sayuri Yoshihama, Steven X. Cho, Jason Yeung, Xuedong Pan, Gregory Lizee, Kranti Konganti, Valen E. Johnson, Koichi S. Kobayashi
Summary: The expression of NLRC5 and MHC class I-related genes is crucial for the effective response of melanoma patients to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, serving as potential predictive biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Lisa Maria Mustachio, Anca Chelariu-Raicu, Lorant Szekvolgyi, Jason Roszik
Summary: KRAS, mutated in 25% of human cancers, is crucial for tumorigenesis. Despite difficulties in directly targeting it, success has been found in targeting other proteins in the RAS pathway. Recent findings suggest progress towards developing a direct KRAS inhibitor, highlighting the need for continued research for an optimal treatment for certain tumor types.
Review
Oncology
Lisa Maria Mustachio, Jason Roszik
Summary: Single-cell sequencing technologies have become increasingly important in cancer research, allowing scientists to analyze the genome, transcriptome, epigenome, and proteome of individual cells. This review summarizes the various techniques used in single-cell sequencing and provides examples of recent high-impact findings. It also discusses the translational relevance of these technologies and their potential use in clinical trials.
Article
Oncology
Yared Hailemichael, Daniel H. Johnson, Noha Abdel-Wahab, Wai Chin Foo, Salah-Eddine Bentebibel, May Daher, Cara Haymaker, Khalida Wani, Chantal Saberian, Dai Ogata, Sang T. Kim, Roza Nurieva, Alexander J. Lazar, Hamzah Abu-Sbeih, Faisal Fa'ak, Antony Mathew, Yinghong Wang, Adewunmi Falohun, Van Trinh, Chrystia Zobniw, Christine Spillson, Jared K. Burks, Muhammad Awiwi, Khaled Elsayes, Luisa Solis Soto, Brenda D. Melendez, Michael A. Davies, Jennifer Wargo, Jonathan Curry, Cassian Yee, Gregory Lizee, Shalini Singh, Padmanee Sharma, James P. Allison, Patrick Hwu, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Adi Diab
Summary: Immune checkpoint blockade therapy can cause immune-related adverse events. IL-6 expression is higher in colitis and Th17 cells are more prevalent in immune-related enterocolitis. Anti-CTLA-4 induces stronger Th17 memory in colitis than anti-PD-1. In mouse models, IL-6 blockade enhances tumor control and increases CD4(+)/CD8(+) effector T cell density, while reducing Th17, macrophages, and myeloid cells. Combined IL-6 blockade and ICB enhances tumor rejection and mitigates EAE symptoms. IL-6 blockade with ICB can decouple autoimmunity from antitumor immunity.
Article
Oncology
Caitlyn B. Brashears, Bethany C. Prudner, Richa Rathore, Katharine E. Caldwell, Carina A. Dehner, Jane L. Buchanan, Sara E. S. Lange, Neal Poulin, Jennifer K. Sehn, Jason Roszik, Dirk Spitzer, Kevin B. Jones, Regis O'Keefe, Torsten O. Nielsen, Eric B. Taylor, Jason M. Held, William Hawkins, Brian A. Van Tine
Summary: The study investigates the metabolism of synovial sarcoma (SS) and highlights the impact of malic enzyme 1 absence on SS redox homeostasis. The findings suggest that targeting redox homeostasis in ME1-null cancers could be a potential therapeutic approach, with increased susceptibility to ferroptosis induction. These results provide a preclinical rationale for conducting a phase I trial of ACXT-3102 in SS patients.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Jacob J. Adashek, Arjun K. Menta, Neha K. Reddy, Aakash P. Desai, Jason Roszik, Vivek Subbiah
Summary: BRAF V600 mutations are prevalent in various nonmelanoma malignancies and can be clinically targeted with BRAF inhibitor therapy, suggesting their potential application in the treatment of nonmelanoma rare malignancies in both adults and children.
MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Fan Fan, Jason Roszik, Ling Xia, Susmita Ghosh, Rui Wang, Xiangcang Ye, David Hawke, Lee M. Ellis, Rajat Bhattacharya
Summary: This study demonstrates the effects of depleting CYTSA protein on the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that targeting CYTSA may be a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC.
Article
Oncology
Justin T. Moyers, Roberto Carmagnani Pestana, Jason Roszik, David S. Hong, Aung Naing, Siqing Fu, Sarina Piha-Paul, Timothy A. Yap, Daniel Karp, Jordi Rodon, Andy Livingston, Maria Alejandra Zarzour, Vinod Ravi, Shreyaskumar Patel, Robert S. Benjamin, Joseph Ludwig, Cynthia Herzog, Ravin Ratan, Neeta Somaiah, Anthony Conley, Richard Gorlick, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Vivek Subbiah
Summary: In this study, the outcomes of patients with ultrarare sarcomas in Phase 1 trials were assessed. The results showed that the median overall survival of ultrarare sarcomas was similar to common sarcomas, but the objective response rate to treatment was higher. Genomic selection played a significant role in identifying molecular subsets likely to benefit from targeted therapy in Phase 1 trials.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Chao-Hsien Chen, Renee L. Chin, Genevieve P. Hartley, Spencer T. Lea, Brian J. Engel, Cheng-En Hsieh, Rishika Prasad, Jason Roszik, Takashi Shingu, Gregory A. Lizee, Amy B. Heimberger, Steven W. Millward, Jian Hu, David S. Hong, Michael A. Curran
Summary: This study developed murine glioblastoma stem cell lines with clinically relevant genetic mutations and evaluated their immune sensitivities in immunocompetent hosts. The results showed that different cell lines have varying sensitivities to T cell immune checkpoint blockade, and there are differences between the brain and flank. Immunological analysis revealed that upregulation of PD-L1 on myeloid stroma establishes immune privilege in the brain. However, QPP7 cell line showed response to immunotherapy even in the brain due to its elevated neoantigen burden. These mouse models can be used for mechanistic discovery and evaluation of immune therapies.
Article
Oncology
Chandrani Chattopadhyay, Rajat Bhattacharya, Jason Roszik, Fatima S. Khan, Gabrielle A. Wells, Hugo Villanueva, Yong Qin, Rishav Bhattacharya, Sapna P. Patel, Elizabeth A. Grimm
Summary: Researchers found that inhibiting the IGF-1 signaling pathway can reduce cell survival and migration, while promoting apoptosis in UM. In vivo models also showed a decrease in tumor growth with this treatment.
Article
Oncology
Susmita Ghosh, Fan Fan, Reid T. Powell, Jason Roszik, Yong Sung Park, Clifford Stephan, Manu Sebastian, Lin Tan, Alexey Sorokin, Philip L. Lorenzi, Scott Kopetz, Lee M. Ellis, Rajat Bhattacharya
Summary: Mutations in KRAS are common in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and direct targeting of these mutations is difficult. In this study, we found that the combination of trametinib and vincristine showed significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing apoptosis in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. The combination also inhibited the RAS-RAF-MEK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR survival pathways.
MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Yasunari Fukuda, Sun-Hee Kim, Matias A. Bustos, Sung-Nam Cho, Jason Roszik, Jared K. Burks, Hong Kim, Dave S. B. Hoon, Elizabeth A. Grimm, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
Summary: The arachidonic acid pathway, specifically microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES-1), plays important roles in regulating tumor immunity in melanoma. The study suggests that inhibiting mPGES-1 can reduce collagen deposition and T-cell exhaustion, thereby reinforcing immunotherapy in melanoma.
CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Kyaw Z. Thein, Amadeo B. Biter, Kimberly C. Banks, Andrew W. Duda, Jennifer Saam, Jason Roszik, Filip Janku, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, John V. Heymach, Scott Kopetz, Funda Meric-Bernstam, David S. Hong
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of KRAS(G12C) mutations in different types of cancer through liquid biopsy. The results showed that KRAS(G12C) mutations were detected in various cancers, with the highest detection rate in lung cancer.
JCO PRECISION ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jason Roszik, J. Jack Lee, Yi-Hung Wu, Xi Liu, Masanori Kawakami, Jonathan M. Kurie, Anas Belouali, Simina M. Boca, Samir Gupta, Robert A. Beckman, Subha Madhavan, Ethan Dmitrovsky
Summary: This study investigates whether NSAIDs improve overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through real-world studies and natural language processing (NLP). The results show a statistically significant association between NSAID use and increased NSCLC survival across different stages, histopathology, gender, smoking history, and demographic groups. These findings provide a rationale for future randomized trials of NSAIDs in NSCLC.
CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)